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Fabio CASSOLA

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica (Coleoptera Cicindelidae)*

Abstract - All data and materials are provided which have been accumulated by the author, in the course of over twenty-five years, about the poorly known but highly speciose African tiger beetle genus Dromica Dejean, 1826. These preliminary data and their interpretation will hopefully make it possible and easier for future students to develop a more comprehensive taxonomic revision of the whole group. Such a task has proved to be made very difficult by several basic factors, such as the great number (over 200) of described taxa, the difficulty of locating and borrowing so many type specimens from different collections and institutions, the paucity of specimens which are usually available for most species, and, in most instances, the lack of recently collected, sufficiently long series of specimens from definite, recogniza- ble localities. Moreover, the ecology and behaviour of most Dromica species, that are fligh- tless, fast-running, hard-to-collect, small predators of savannah, grassland and semidesert habitats, most of which are active for very short periods only, depending on the rains, also obviously explain why specimens are usually so scarce in collections.

The list is given (Appendix I) of all the names which have been attached so far to the genus Dromica in the entomological literature, and for each of them the proposed status in syste- matics, the basic taxonomic changements, the depository oftype specimens, the material stu- died, as well as all known distributional data are provided. Moreover, a provisional arrange- ment is given of all the recognized species (over 150 in all) in the various natural species groups which are presently recognizable (Appendix II). Two new genera [Foveodromica n. gen. (type-species: Dromica gracilis W. Horn, 1909), with 16 species in all, and Pseudodromica n. gen. (type-species: Dromica clathrata Klug, 1834), with 21 species] are described for two distinct groups of species which differ from all others in having slender, instead of inflated, third article of labial palpi, and moreover because of other characters. Consequently, new combinations are proposed for all the involved species.

Seven species are described as new to science: Dromica stalsi n. sp. (from Roossenekal, Mpumalanga, South Africa), Dromica schuelei n. sp. (from the environs of Louis Trichardt, Northern Province, South Africa), Dromica pseudotenella n. sp. (from NE KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa), Dromica paulae n. sp. (from the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, in coastal Kenya), Dromica zambiensis n. sp. (from western Zambia), Dromica brzoskai n. sp. (from the envi- rons of Tshipise, Northern Province, South Africa), and Pseudodromica lerouxae n. sp. (also from Roossenekal, Mpumalanga, South Africa). Moreover, eleven taxa are raised to full spe- cific status (Dromica connexa, D. crassereducta, D. elongatoplanata, D. ertli, D. globicollis, D. oesterlei, D. prolongata, D. prolongatesignata, D. pseudofurcata, D. setosipennis, and Pseudodromica neavei), and, in contrast, pseudosetosula is downgraded to a subspecies of nea- vei. The specific status is also revised for six more taxa (Dromica fossulata, D. granulata, D. neumanni, D. vittata, Pseudodromica marshalli, P sculpturata), and several new synonymies are established.

* Studies of Tiger Beetles. CXXV.

4 CASSOLA

Riassunto — Studi sui Cicindelidi. CXXV. Materiali per una revisione del genere africano Dromica (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae).

Vengono forniti in questo lavoro tutti i dati e i materiali accumulati dall’autore, nel corso di oltre 25 anni di studio, sul difficile genere africano Dromica Dejean, 1826, in modo da pre- parare il terreno, rendendolo più agevole per altri studiosi, ad una vera e propria revisione sistematica dell’intero genere. Questo compito si è dimostrato più arduo del previsto a causa di alcuni fattori di base, quali il gran numero di taxa descritti in letteratura (oltre 200), la dif- ficoltà di reperire e ricevere in prestito così tanti esemplari tipici da collezioni e istituzioni diverse, il basso numero di esemplari disponibili per la maggior parte delle specie, e, in molti casi, la mancanza di serie sufficienti di esemplari di recente cattura e di esattamente indica- ta provenienza. Di più, l’ecologia e il comportamento della maggior parte delle specie, che sono atteri ma estremamente rapidi piccoli predatori degli ambienti di savana, prateria o semideserto, attivi in genere solo per brevi periodi di tempo, in concomitanza con le piogge,

| spiegano ulteriormente il perché le Dromica siano di solito così scarsamente rappresentate nelle collezioni.

In Appendice I viene fornita la lista completa di tutti i nomi che sono stati finora in qualche modo ricondotti in letteratura al genere Dromica s. auct., e per ciascuno di essi vengono indi- cati la posizione sistematica proposta, la sinonimia di base e i cambiamenti subiti in tasso- nomia, il luogo di deposito dell’olotipo e/o degli esemplari tipici studiati, l’elenco del mate- riale studiato, nonché tutti i dati di distribuzione finora conosciuti. In Appendice II, inoltre, viene fornita una provvisoria sistemazione di tutte le specie riconosciute valide nei vari gruppi naturali di specie che sembra attualmente di dover riconoscere esistenti. Due generi nuovi [Foveodromica n. gen. (specie-tipo: Dromica gracilis W. Horn, 1909), con 16 specie in tutto, e Pseudodromica n. gen. (specie-tipo: Dromica clathrata Klug, 1834), con 21 spe- cie] vengono descritti per due distinti gruppi di specie che differiscono dalle altre a causa della forma sottile e non dilatata del terzo articolo dei palpi labiali, nonché per ulteriori pecu- liari caratteri.

Infine, sette specie vengono qui descritte come nuove per la scienza: Dromica stalsi n. sp. (di Roossenekal, Mpumalanga, Sud Africa), Dromica schuelei n. sp. (dei dintorni di Louis Trichardt, Northern Province, Sud Africa), Dromica pseudotenella n. sp. (del KwaZulu/Natal nord-orientale, Sud Africa), Dromica paulae n. sp. (della Foresta Arabuko- Sokoke, sulla costa del Kenya), Dromica zambiensis n. sp. (dello Zambia centro-occidenta- le), Dromica brzoskai n. sp. (dei dintorni di Tshipise, Mpumalanga, Sud Africa), e Pseudodromica lerouxae n. sp. (anch’essa di Roossenekal, Mpumalanga, Sud Africa). Altre undici entità sistematiche vengono poi elevate al rango di buona specie (Dromica connexa, D. crassereducta, D. elongatoplanata, D. ertli, D. globicollis, D. oesterlei, D. prolongata, D. prolongatesignata, D. pseudofurcata, D. setosipennis, and Pseudodromica neavei), mentre, al contrario, la specie pseudosetosula viene degradata a sottospecie di neavei. Lo status spe- cifico di ulteriori sei entità (Dromica fossulata, D. granulata, D. neumanni, D. vittata, Pseudodromica marshalli, P. sculpturata) viene infine rivisto e ripristinato, e diverse nuove sinonimie vengono pure proposte.

Key words: Dromica, systematics, nomenclature, world-wide catalogue, literature, type depositions, materials.

INTRODUCTION

The huge biomes of the African grasslands, open woodlands, savannahs and semideserts are represented, just as well as by antilopes or cheetah, by the speciose tiger beetle genus Dromica Dejean, 1826 (type species: Cicindela coarctata Latreille & Dejean, 1822). This genus, as it is presently understood, includes approximately nearly one

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 5

hundred and fifty known species, all of which are wingless, fast running insects, ranging from small to relatively large in body size (7-25 mm), and which are widely distributed over the African continent south of the Saharo-Sahelian region. The northwesternmost recorded specimen is from the “Haute-Sangha” region, probably in the Central African Republic (Horn, in Burgeon 1937), while the northernmost specimens have so far been collected in southern Sudan (1 species), southern Ethiopia (5 species) and southern Somalia (3 species). The species richness of this genus increases as a gradient toward eastern, central and southern Africa. In contrast, no Dromica species are so far known either from the West African countries (Senegal to Cameroon) or from heavily forested countries such as Congo, Gabon, Burundi and the larger part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). Only one species is so far known from Rwanda.

Because Dromica are basically savannah dwellers, their geographical distribution borders the great central African forests without penetrating them, from the northeastern Dem. Rep. of Congo (northern Uele, Kibali-Ituri, Haut-Zaire: 3 species) to the Shaba (ex- Katanga) and Angola. Current knowledge indicates increasing species numbers from Uganda to the southernmost regions of Africa: Uganda (3 species), Kenya (10), Tanzania (24), D.R. Congo (30), Zambia (22), Angola (19), Malawi (17), Zimbabwe (29), Mozambique (31), South Africa (68). Quite understandably, fewer species are known from predominantly desertic countries such as Namibia (9) and Botswana (15) despite their huge sizes. The Republic of South Africa has by far the greatest number of Dromica species, almost all in Transvaal (48) and Natal (37), with only a few species occurring in the Free State (11) and Cape (11) Provinces. Lesser numbers are known from Lesotho (4) and Swaziland (7). Thus, if we accept the assumption that high species richness reflects centers of origin, eastern South Africa likely represents the original center of the genus’ evolution and dispersal. However, it is noteworthy that two interesting, isolated, dromicoid-looking, possibly related elements, have been recently discovered outside the huge geographical range of the genus Dromica, namely Dromicoida elegantia Werner, 1995, from the primary savannah habitat of Comoé National Park in Ivory Coast (Werner 1995, Fahr 1998), and Socotrana labroturrita Cassola & Wranik, 1998, from the stony and scrubby desert of Socotra Island, off the coast of Somalia in the Indian Ocean (Cassola & Wranik 1998; Cassola & Pohl 2002) (figs 1, 163).

Over 200 names have been manner so far within ce genus Dromica or in related generic taxa. On the whole they often give the impression of representing several different natural groups so that the genus will most probably turn out to be polyphyletic. Two generic names, Myrmecoptera Germar, 1843 (type species: M. egregia Germar, 1843), and Cosmema Boheman, 1848 (type species: C. furcata Boheman, 1848), have been proposed so far, in addition to Dromica, but they have been subsequently synonymized with Dromica by Horn (1908c, 1926a). Future research and a better understanding of the whole group may suggest to re-establish W. Horn’s subtribe Dromicina (Horn, 1899a), which was included in the subtribe Prothymina by Rivalier (1971: “...le genre Dromica ne semblant pas mériter une sous-tribu particulière”), as well as to split the genus Dromica into several different generic stems, similarly as Rivalier himself (1950, 1954, 1957, 1961, 1963, 1971) did with the former genus Cicindela Linné sensu auctorum.

Rivalier (1971) considered that the genus Dromica, together with three other African

6 CASSOLA

genera: Prothyma Hope, 1838 (type species: Cicindela quadripunctata Fabricius, 1801, from the Oriental region), Euryarthron Guérin, 1849 (type species: Cicindela bocandei Guérin, 1845), and Neochila Basilewsky, 1953 (type species: Cicindela kigonserana W. Horn, 1905), belong to the subtribe Prothymina. As to the genus Bennigsenium W. Horn, 1897 (type species: B. planicorne W. Horn, 1897), he placed it in subtribe Cicindelina, within the Chaetotaxis-group, together with other “genres afrıcano-malgaches archaiques formant passage des Prothymina aux Cicindelina” (Rivalier 1971). However, several morphological features, such as the developed underside pubescence and the peculiar dromicoid shape of the labrum (which shows a deep indentation on both sides of the middle teeth), would seem to indicate that the genus Bennigsenium is a closer relative to Dromica than is the genus Euryarthron (which, despite a strong dromicoid appearance, has a “normal” cicindeline labrum). I myself mistakenly described a Bennigsenium species as a new Dromica species, D. basilewskyi Cassola, 1978 (Cassola 1978a; Werner 1993b).

On the other hand both Prothyma and Neochila, unlike Dromica and Bennigsenium, by virtue of their having virtually no underside pubescence and a characteristic prothymine sculpture of the elytra, are typical prothymine genera, similar to other genera of subtribe Prothymina from the Oriental, Australo-Papuan, Neotropical and Malagasy regions (including perhaps Dromicoida, whose six-haired labrum otherwise resembles that found in the subtribe Iresina); thus again suggesting that Dromica ought to be placed, together with Bennigsenium, the two new genera described below, Socotrana, and possibly also Euryarthron, in a separate subtribe (Dromicina). But such a major taxonomic change cannot be made without first reviewing the status of all the groups that would thereby be affected.

TAXONOMIC REVISION

[ began this project over twenty-five years ago and have since published a series of preliminary papers dealing with individual African regions, Dromica groups or new species (Cassola 1975, 1978a,b, 1980a,b, 1983a, 1985, 1986a,b, 1989; Cassola er al. 2000; Cassola & Miskell 2001; Cassola & Schüle 2002). I also familiarized myself with the ecology and behaviour of several Dromica species, in the course of several collecting trips to Africa: to Somalia (April-May 1987, May 1988), Kenya (April 1990, April 1995), and Transvaal (December 1992-January 1993, January 2000). However, soon I had to face several serious obstacles, which still make a full modern revision of this genus a difficult task. These can be summarized as follows: |

a) Most species are still known from a single specimen or perhaps a small number of specimens. No fewer than 10 of the species that have been described are known from the holotype alone, 10 species from two specimens only, 12 from a total of six specimens at most. Moreover, nearly 20 additional species are still known only from the type series, as they do not appear to have been collected subsequently. Consequently, this paucity of specimens affects nearly one third of the entire known Dromica fauna. The lack of

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 7

reasonably long series of syntopic specimens from many different localities and regions makes ıt difficult or even sometimes impossible to fully appreciate species-specific diagnostic characters and local or individual variations.

b) The location of type specimens is often unknown or difficult to discover. Only a few museums have so far published detailed lists of all the name-bearing type specimens, including Dromica, in their possession (Döbler 1973, Tommasini & Marini 1988, Cochrane 1995). Moreover, identification of type specimens within the 19th century collections is sometimes a difficult task, which can be overcome only by experienced specialist workers for the various groups, as no proper labels were usually pinned at the specimens in those times. In original old descriptions, depository of type specimens was also often not indicated. Fortunately the location of some significant historical collections is usually known (Horn & Kahle 1935-7), but the type specimens being sought are not necessarıly to be found in the collection of the author responsible for the original description.

c) Owing to the scanty material that is available, as well as the fact that most old specimens are poorly or vaguely labeled, distributional maps are often impossible to draw up. Moreover, the names of localities which are found in original descriptions or in labels pinned to old specimens often date back to colonial times and are no longer in use or have been changed into completely different names, so that a major piece of historical research is required for their ıdentification.

d) Diagnostic features are often difficult to assess, as many of them are found, perhaps by reason of mimicry or convergent evolution, in various Dromica groups. Characters such as labral shape and colour, head and pronotal striation, elytral marking patterns, elytral sculpture, and so on, are often similar or even identical in several different species, although they may be found in different arrangements or combinations. Proper separation of species would most often impose direct comparation between specimens, not always an easy task if rare or even single type specimens are to be borrowed on study loan at different times from different sources. Ideally, one should have all the known related species available for close examination at the same time, which is rarely possible. Sometimes, the more specimens one examines, the more difficult it appears to properly separate the most closely related taxa, due to mixed characters and intermediate forms, and consequently while the most extremely diverging specimens seem very easy to tell apart from each other, intermediate specimens would sometimes suggest, in contrast, that the involved taxa cannot be separated at all.

e) Field collecting of Dromica is hardly an easy task. Although diurnal dwellers, specimens become active only with particular weather and temperature conditions, and are otherwise rare, sporadic or even impossible to find. Moreover, unlike other cicindeline tiger beetles, they are not gregarious. Occurrence usually follows the first seasonal local rains, and as a consequence of the extreme dry climates which normally dominate the African grasslands and savannahs, activity periods of most Dromica species are usually short and ephemeral, and moreover highly impredictable. One has to be in the “right” place at the “right” time, a combination of coincidences that is often difficult to attain. For

8 CASSOLA

instance, on 2 January 1993 in an open Mopane scrub area in the Kruger National Park some 20 km NW of Shingwedzi I found three species - D. lepidula W. Horn, 1903, D. laticollis W. Horn, 1903, and D. quadricostata W. Horn, 1903 - occurring together commonly immediately after a heavy shower, whereas immediately preceding the rainfall they were not evident (fig. 136). Similarly, my 18 type specimens of D. somalica Cassola, 1989, were caught on 10 May 1987 about ten days after the first seasonal rains, in a very small area of about 30 m by 10 m in the environs of Afgoi, Somalia, whereas one year later, on 8 May 1988, the very same spot appeared to be much drier, as the rains had come much earlier in that year, and as a consequence all I could find was a single dead specimen only (Cassola 1989, Cassola & Miskell 1990).

f) Last but not least, most Dromica species, thought wingless and flightless, are extremely speedy runners, and may be glimpsed but briefly in the grassy vegetation or amongst the thorny scrubs where they seek refuge. Proper intercepting trapping techniques (pitfall traps hardly work in daytime) should hopefully be developed to ensure that reasonably representative series of specimens from the various localities are made available to students in the future.

What is definitely needed now is a full taxonomic and systematic revision of the entire taxon. This paper, however, presents only a limited scope of my current understanding of all described Dromica forms, as well as a tentative list of the various natural groups (may be future full separate genera) which I currently think should be recognized. These results should prove useful to later workers who undertake a more complete revision.

HISTORY

Prior to the creation of the genus Dromica Dejean, 1826, only one species was known, namely Cicindela coarctata Latreille & Dejean, 1822, which, however, was still a “nomen nudum”. Dejean (1826) never formally described the genus Dromica, just providing a description of coarctata instead, thus the type species of this genus is Dromica coarctata Dejean, 1826. Entomologists of the early and middle 19th Century only knew a handful of present-day valid species (by “valid” I mean in my present understanding of the genus: see Appendix II). Dejean himself described only two species (1831: fuberculata, vittata), and others were subsequently added by Klug (1834: clathrata, trinotata), Germar (1843: egregia), Boheman (1848: elegantula, furcata, gilvipes, lepida, marginella, sculpturata; 1860: lateralis), Thomson (1856: bertolonii), Bertoloni (1858: consimilis, limbata), Chaudoir (1860: carinulata, sexmaculata; 1864: citreoguttata, octocostata; 1865: albivittis, cordicollis, grutii, saundersii, variolata), Gerstaecker (1867: nobilitata), Bates (1872: mauchii, polyhirmoides; 1878: albicinctella), Wallengren (1881: fossulata), Quedenfeldt (1883: auropunctata), Dohrn (1883: bilunata), Dokhtouroff (1883: alboclavata, granulata), and Kolbe (1897: neumanni, taruensis). All but one of these 36 species still appear to be valid.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 3

The bulk of the species in this genus, however, following the ever more and more rapid progresses in the zoological exploration of the African continent, was discovered and described by the South African entomologist Louis Péringuey (1888: foveolata; 1892: erikssoni, 1893: ambitiosa, cordicollis, costata, grandis, hamata, junodi, limpopoiana, pseudoclathrata, ramigera, spectabilis, tenella; 1894: angusticollis, dolosa, formosa, invicta; 1896: gloriosa, miranda, transitoria, 1898: gunningi, leydenburgiana; 1904: concinna, specialis; 1908: convexicollis, zuluana), and by the leading German tiger beetle specialist Walther Horn, who worked solitarily over almost fifty years, from the end of 19th century up well into the 20th one (1892: quinquecostata, schaumi; 1896: bennigseni, flavovittata, peringueyi, 1897: discoidalis, helleri, kolbei, ritsemae, semilevis, tricostata; 1898: filicornis, tarsalis; 1899: pentheri; 1900: batesi; 1901: marshallana; 1903: apicalis, hildebrandti, lepidula, prolongata, quadricostata, tenellula, traducens; 1904: erlangeri; 1908: marginepunctata, wellmani; 1909: densepunctata, fundoplanata, gracilis, mesothoracica, setosula, 1913: confluentesculpta, cupricollis, gibbicollis, humeralis, neavei, stutzeri, 1914: abruptesculpta, bicostata, bicostulata, foveicollis, globicollis, grossula, strandi, 1922: elongatoplanata, pseudofurcata, 1924: oneili, pilosifrons, pseudocoarctata; 1926: nigroplagiata, proepipleuralis, 1929: intermediopunctata, laterodeclivis, punctatissima, seriepunctata, serietuberculata, spinipennis, 1932: tricostulata; 1935: cristagalli, soror).

Thus, while Fleutiaux’s (1892) and Heyne’s (1894) catalogues listed 51 species ın all (14 under Dromica, 13 under Myrmecoptera and 24 under Cosmema), the number of known Dromica species was raised by Walther Horn, in his subsequent catalogues (Horn 1905, 1910b, 1926a), to 78, 82, and 92, respectively (Rapp, 1946). At the end of Horn’s time and until the 1960s, the number of Dromica known species totaled 122, all but three of which are still considered valid. Later, the well-known specialist of African carabid beetles, Pierre Basilewsky, added four more species (1963: allardi, 1965: lunai; 1972: allardiana; 1974: passosi), I myself also described a few more (Cassola, 1978: borana; 1980: angolana, kavanaughi, similis; 1985: juengeri, 1986: confusa, differens, horii, kanzenzensis, oberprieleri, 1989: abukari, somalica; Cassola et al. 2000: mirabilis; Cassola & Miskell 2001: profugorum; Cassola & Schüle 2002: werneri), and seven additional ones are added in this paper. Some more new species have been described recently by Werner (1993: kenyana; 1996: lizleri; 1998: antoniae, moraveci, sigrunae), by Schüle & Werner (1999: endroedyi; 2001: rawlinsi, termitophila), by Wiesner (2001: thomaswiesneri), and by Werner & Schüle (2001: murphyi), thus bringing the total present number of known species up to over 160.

The use of the names Myrmecoptera and Cosmema was long kept by Péringuey and Horn, as either distinct genera or subgenera, then Horn (1908c, 1926a) synonymized both of them with Dromica. However, in subsequent years, Walther Horn sometimes revived Myrmecoptera and Cosmema as full generic names (Horn 1926b, 1931, 1935a), but in his latest work (published posthumously in 1940) he came back to the comprehensive genus Dromica, an interpretation followed by Wiesner (1992) and Werner (2000).

10 CASSOLA

SYSTEMATICS

The genus Dromica was created by Dejean (1826) for the species Cicindela coarctata Latr. & Dej., 1822. The name was expressely derived from the Greek word OPOLLLKOs, Meaning “running”. The only clear and important diagnostic character given by Dejean was the inflated structure of the third (or penultimate) joint of the labial palpı, as compared with that of the Neotropical genus Euprosopus (“...le troisième article des labiaux est un peu plus renfle”) (fig. 2). However, such a feature is common to most of the species which are presently included in the genus Dromica, and in particular it is found as well in Dromica furcata, which is the type species of the genus Cosmema Boheman, 1848. In fact, despite Boheman’s statement (“Genus Dromicae generi quoad habıtum subsimile, sed structura palporum, labro antice in medio producto, tri-dentato, antennis multo tenuioribus, filiformibus differt”), this species does not seem to differ much from D. coarctata, as both species share characters, such as the shape of labial palpi, the labrum advanced in the middle, and the filiform antennae (figs 2, 3). Moreover, in both species, the maxillary palpi, too, have their second joint conspicuously inflated. As a consequence, furcata does not seem to deserve a different generic status and Cosmema is here considered to be synonymous with Dromica.

The third described genus in the group is Myrmecoptera Germar, 1843, whose type species 1s the puzzling M. egregia (see discussion in Appendix I). Germar (1843) pointed out, as previous authors also did, the inflated shape of the third or penultimate article of labial palpi (“Palpı labiales articulo tertio inflato”) and moreover the subfoliate antennal shape (“Antennae apicem versus compressae, dilatatae, subperfoliatae”). However, the further character given by Germar, namely the longitudinally grooved tarsi (““Tarsi supra longitudinaliter striati’’), is similarly found in the species coarctata and furcata too, as well as in practically all Dromica species, so it appears to be devoid of any diagnostic importance. As for the foliated antennae (fig. 5), these appear to represent an ambiguous character, which is commonly found in many Dromica species groups, but surprisingly not in all species, as some may have dilated, even foliated antennae, and others, though obviously relatives of the formers, may not present such a morphological character. Moreover, foliated antennae are known to occur in several other non-related tiger beetle or carabid species and genera which inhabit African savannahs, such as (to mention a few) the genera Elliptica, Bennigsenium, Trichotaenia, Cypholoba, Polyhirma, Eccoptoptera, Piezia. This character, therefore, is likely to be convergently related to some unknown ecological requirement and cannot be taken as a good diagnostic character of importance in systematics. Other diagnostic characters such as the pronotal structure, the shape of male aedeagus, the different elytral pattern, and the developed underside pubescence, serve to place Myrmecoptera as a distinctive group of present-day Dromica species.

A remarkable diagnostic character of Dromica, compared with other Prothymine genera, is the size of the mesepisterna, which are much larger than metepisterna, probably as a consequence of apterism and the effacement of shoulders. This feature was used by Horn (1899a) for separating Dromica into a distinct subtribe (Dromicina). Future morphological and phylogenetic study may again lead to the resurrection of such a subtribe. As for the various natural groups (possibly to become different genera in a major

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 11

review to come) which are recognizable within present-day genus Dromica itself, diagnostic characters should rather be sought amongst those which are indicated below.

a) PATTERNS OF ELYTRAL MARKINGS. Elytral markings may be completely lacking in some species, but they are usually present in most Dromica species. Most often, however, markings are reduced to single small patches or spots only. As a rule, elytral markings of most Domica species are very peculiar, within the whole tiger beetle family, in being most often built as a coating of the elytral surface, which covers it in relief, more or less completely filling the elytral costae or foveoles underneath to form a continuous or fragmented cover, as if poured onto the elytra rather than being a part of it. Bertoloni (1858), who first noticed this peculiarity of the elytral markings of Dromica, described it as follows: “questa fascia bianca osservata colla lente direste fatta di una vernice di biacca”.

When they occur, the markings form a limited set of elytral patterns. They are often arranged in a submar$inal band, which can be either continuous from shoulder to apex (marginella-type), split into two sections, a humeral spot and a submarginal band from the middle (or from above the middle: /epida-type) to the sutural angle, or present as three separate roundish spots (humeral, middle and subapical ones) (sexmaculata-type). Ordinarily, but not always, females, unlike males, lack any humeral spot. In some species, the submarginal band may be present on disc with a more or less short, usually descending, inner spur in the middle (furcata-type), in others it may be connected with a discal patch (which in turn can be either roundish or arc-shaped) in the middle of the elytra and usually within the rear half of the elytron (spectabilis-type). There is a further type of elytral pattern which includes a longitudinal basal patch too, running backwards from the base and within the front third of the elytral disc (mauchii-type). When this basal patch ıs present, neither a humeral spot nor the front half of a submarginal band is usually left, and moreover such a basal patch can be sometimes connected with the discal continuation of the subapical lunule (erikssoni-type). Finally, in at least two species (polyhirmoides and oberprieleri), the markings include, or are merely reduced to, a roundish patch on both sides of the apical part of the suture, so as to form a single roundish apical patch. Such a conspicuous pattern is common to some co-occurring carabid species as well, such as Piezia angusticollis Boheman, 1848, and Cypholoba notata (Perroud, 1846), thus possibly pointing to an interesting batesian-miillerian mimicry complex (Cassola 1986a, Cassola & Vigna Taglianti 1990).

b) PRONOTAL SHAPE AND SCULPTURE. Many Dromica species may appear superficially to be very similar in general body shape and elytral pattern. Such a striking similarity suggests poorly known and poorly investigated mimicry association which gives the species in question some unknown advantage in the wild. However, closer examination reveals sometimes striking differences in other body characteristics which make it clear that one 1s dealing with two or more distinct species. Good diagnostic criteria can often be found in shape and sculpture of pronotum, which may be more or less elongate, the length vs. width ratio usually being a good distinguishing feature. Moreover, shape of middle lobe may differ strikingly, being either rounded and globose with effaced epipleural rims, or parallel- sided with pronounced, raised epipleural rims. The sculpture of the pronotal disc may also

12 CASSOLA

differ profoundly, being either transversally striated or posteriorly raised in two more or less conspicuous protuberances. Striations too may also differ a good deal, as the striae can be more or less numerous, finer or coarser, straighter or waved, transversal or partially descending. A simple count of the transversal striae which are noticeable on the disc of the middle lobe, between the front and hind transversal grooves, will sometimes provide the key to separating several closely related species, for example within the bertolonii-group (bertolonii, fossulata, costata, quadricostata).

c) ELYTRAL SCULPTURE. Elytral sculpture too can sometimes offer good distinguishing features either because of the different density and depth of the elytral punctures or foveoles, or because of the different arrangement of the several elytral elements (foveae, longitudinal costae, uncostate hind part of elytra, elytral markings, etc.). For example, elytral sculpture made possible the separation of the closely allied species of the marginella-group (marginella, alboclavata, albicinctella).

d) SHAPE OF MALE AEDEAGUS. Unlike the cicindeline genera (Cicindela L. s. auct.) and several other prothymine genera (such as Prothyma, Physodeutera, Euryarthron, Odontocheila, Pentacomia, Oxygonia, and others), the inner sac of the male aedeagus of the Dromica species, poorly armed as it is with a few membranous, poorly-sclerotized pieces, does not offer adequate distinguishing characters to taxonomists. A closer study of inner sac features, anyway, should definitely be done, as my own knowledge is based on a few scattered observations only. However, the shape of male copulatory organ as a whole appears to be much more important and it may well help to distinguish several different natural groups within the present-day Dromica species. Aedeagus of most species is tapering, arc-shaped, moderately elongate, apically ending into a more or less evident dorsal hook. In other species, however, it can be very long, narrow, straight, apically hooked (as in prolongata, fig. 102), or it may sometimes present a very long, slightly down-curved, apical beak (as in bennigseni, fig. 87); or, on the contrary, it is of a completely different type, relatively shorter, bulky, much inflated in the middle, with a short straight apical beak (as in clathrata and related species, figs 115-128). The study of such an organ, therefore, may well help to identify the various different natural groups of species.

e) SHAPE AND COLOUR OF LABRUM. Some labral characters, such as its typical tripartition (with the three middle teeth abruptly separated from the outer ones by a deep indentation on both sides of the front edge of the labrum) and four-haired chaetotaxy, are common to all Dromica species and to a few other African genera as well (such as Bennigsenium and Socotrana), thus probably identifying them as a distinct subtribe (Dromicina). Moreover, the colour of the labrum may also serve as an additional feature for distinguishing some species, as it can be fully testaceous, or black to pitch-black with a yellowish patch or stripe in the middle, in both sexes or only in one (usually more or less testaceous in the male, wholly black in female). But the colour is sometimes variable, and moreover it can be altered in old collection specimens by fat exuding to the surface.

In combination the above characters may help in identifying several natural species groups within the species-rich genus Dromica (sensu Wiesner 1992). Walther Horn (1926a) had already arranged all the species within nineteen different species groups, and moreover he subsequently (Horn 1929a) described D. serietuberculata which in his opinion would

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica i

constitute a 20th distinct group (“novam in genere sectionem constituens”). However, Horn’s list would appear to include several inconsistencies. For instance, some of his groups do not seem to need separate grouping, such as his groups III (“bicostata-octocostata”) and IV (“elathrata-Mauchi”), which were probably separated because of Horn’s taxonomic use of filiform vs. foliated antennal character. In other instances, the inclusion of some species in some groups appears to be inappropriate, for instance Horn’s inclusion of such varied species as hildebrandti, erlangeri, bertolonii and nobilitata within a subgroup (“Untergruppe B”) of the “clathrata-Mauchi” group. Owing to his failure to study the aedeagus, one distinct full species (prolongata) was even described by Horn (1903a) as a subspecies of bilunata, when it clearly belongs to a different species-group.

Without attempting a full definite revision of the genus Dromica, this paper would like to present, as a overall result of my own consideration of several different morphologic characters, my personal attempt to identify the various natural groups which are recognizable in the present-day genus Dromica. In two instances at least (“auropunctata”- and “clathrata”-groups), the lack of inflated labial palpi, associated with other peculiar features, would appear to represent a character sufficiently important to imply separate generic status. New genera, therefore, are proposed below for two these species groups, based on the shape of the labial palpi, the shape of the pronotum, elytral sculpture, and the shape of the male aedeagus. Future research will probably lead to the re-establishment of the genus Myrmecoptera, and possibly to the creation of a few more generic stems.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TAXA

Foveodromica new genus (type-species: Dromica gracilis W. Horn, 1909)

I feel the need to create this new genus for a number of small species, forming the group “auropunctata” (XV Group, partim) of W. Horn (1926a), which all are recognizable because of several important characters, given here below, especially because of the slender, not inflated, labial palpi, and the peculiar elytral sculpture, which includes a row of larger round foveae, parallel to the suture, alternating with raised, impunctate areoles.

DESCRIPTION. Labial palpi slender, not inflated. Antennae filiform. Pronotum subsquare to subrectangular, transversely striated (the striae being finer or coarser, straighter or waved, depending on the species). Elytral markings consisting of a roundish to transverse submarginal spot in the middle and often also a subapical lunule, with no humeral dots in either sex, or, instead, of a narrow submarginal band from shoulder to apex, sometimes showing a tendency to be interrupted into two elongate submarginal lunules. Elytral sculpture including a typical longitudinal row of larger foveae, parallel to, but some distance from, the suture, included in, or alternating with, impunctate raised areoles in between. Aedeagus tapering, arc-shaped, typically more or less inflated dorsally after the middle, with a short blunt apex (figs 109-114).

This new genus is so named because of the conspicuous row of subsutural elytral foveae

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which is characteristic of all the sixteen species which the genus 1s known so far to include (gracilis, spinipennis, punctatissima, intermediopunctata, laterodeclivis, horii, profugorum, strandi, juengeri, wellmani, marginepunctata, humeralis, grossula, soror, auropunctata, densepunctata). All of these species are distributed from Angola to Shaba, NE Zambia, northern Malawi, up to NW Tanzania, thus showing a well-consistent geographical range, which obliquely crosses the whole of inland Central Africa from SW to NE.

Pseudodromica new genus (type species: Dromica clathrata Klug, 1834)

I create here this second new genus for a number of larger species which formerly made up group III (“bicostata-octocostata’) as well as part of Group IV (“clathrata-Mauchi’) of W. Horn (1926a). These species are also characterized by non-inflated labial palpi, and moreover are easily recognizable because of their large size, the subsquare, typically tuberculated pronotum, and the very different shape of male aedeagus.

DESCRIPTION. Labial palpi not or poorly inflated. Antennae from filiform to more or less dilated, sometimes foliated. Elytral longitudinal costae or vittae present only in some species. Elytral markings variable, sometimes fully lacking, or reduced to a subapical spot or luñule, otherwise with two to three submarginal spots, in one instance (albivittis) with a continuous submarginal narrow band from shoulder to apex; sometimes a discal spot, a basal patch, or a apical trans-sutural spot, may also be present. Aedeagus bulky, tapering, with a short straight apical beak (figs 27, 115-128).

This new genus is so named because of its apparent similarity with Dromica. Shape of male aedeagus, however, makes it clear that this group, despite a superficial overall resemblance, possibly due to similar ecological requirements and convergent evolution, has nothing to do with Dromica.

Twenty-one species appear to belong to the new genus, mostly occurring in South Africa. However, the shape and pubescence of the pronotum help to identify three distinct species groups: the “clathrata-group” (with 17 species: clathrata, sculpturata, planifrons, pseudoclathrata, grandis, formosa, gunningi, oberprieleri, lerouxae nov., invicta, neavei, setosula, quinquecostata, tuberculata, octocostata, and probably albivittis and bicostata too), the “mauchii-group” (mauchii, marshalli), and the “polyhirmoides-group” (polyhirmoides, marshallana).

Dromica stalsi n. sp. (figs 6, 7)

DIAGNOSIS. A medium-sized Dromica species of the marginella-group, with filiform antennae; head and pronotum reddish-bronze, elytra black with a conspicuous, raised, longitudinal yellow band from shoulder to apex, which is as wide or more wide than the half of the elytral width. Labrum testaceous, darkened in front and behind and more narrowly on the lateral sides.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 15

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype, ©, from South Africa (Mpumalanga): Luipershoek Farm, near Roossenekal, at 25°07S-29°50E, 8 July 1990, L.G. le Roux leg., in the National Collection of Insects (Pretoria, RSA; NCI). One paratype, 9, with same label data, in author’s collection (FCC).

DESCRIPTION. Head reddish bronze above, bluish-green with some coppery reflections on | cheeks, almost flat on vertex, with relatively small yellowish eyes, fully glabrous, with just two sensorial setae near the front and middle edges of each eye; surface evidently striated, the striae being finer, longitudinal and straighter on eyes and frons, concentric on vertex, obliquely and transversely waved behind. Labrum (female) as long as wide, four-haired, advanced in front edge into a tricuspidated turret, rather convex on disc, depressed on the lateral sides of base; testaceous, darkened in front and behind, and more narrowly on the lateral sides. Mandibles pitch-black, briefly testaceous on basal outer edge, almost completely covered by labrum when closed. Palpi testaceous, with the last joint of labial ones and the last two joints of maxillary ones shiny metallic dark; penultimate joint of the labial palpi strongly inflated, rounded and glabrous below, flattened and with hairy edges in its upper surface. Antennae filiform, relatively short, approximately as long as to the front quarter of the elytral length (expectedly longer in the male); scape pitch-black with some purplish reflections, a single erect seta on the tip; joints 2-4 bluish-green with violet reflections, a few short spines on their outer edges; antennomeres 5-11 dull brownish- black, finely and evenly pubescent.

Pronotum reddish-bronze, glabrous, slightly shorter (length: 2.4 mm) than wide (2.8 mm), subsquared, slightly restricted behind, with strong, waved, irregular or transverse striae all over the surface, the striae being transversely straighter near the epipleural rims. Episterna and sternum shiny bluish-black, glabrous; lower edge of mesepisterna with bronze to coppery-green reflections.

Elytra large, oval in shape, dull black, with almost no shoulders, slightly emarginated or subtruncated apically, with a very small apical spine in the sutural angle; sculpture constituted by many small, contiguous, pitted, evenly distributed foveoles, separated by sharp vertical walls between. Elytral markings very conspicuous, consisting in a broad, bright, yellow, longitudinal band on each elytron, reaching from the shoulder to the apex, slightly raised above the elytral surface, approximately as wide or more wide than the half of the elytral width, effacing the elytral sculpture underneath, and forming a marked step above the elytral surface on its inner edge. Epipleura metallic bronze with some greenish reflections.

Underside fully glabrous, with just two fine sensorial setae near the hind margins of the abdominal sternites 3-5; some white erect setae or setigerous punctures on the sides of the coxae. Trochanters dark rufous to pitchy black, a single seta on the tip of front and middle ones. Legs metallic bronze, with some greenish to violaceous reflections; a few rows of erect spiniform setae on all segments, some more hairs on the outer half of the middle tibiae (toilette tool).

Male unknown.

Length: 14.5-15 mm (without the labrum).

ETYMOLOGY. This beautiful, conspicuous, unexpected new Dromica species is warmly

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dedicated to Mr Riaan Stals, who is currently in charge of the tiger beetles in the National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, Gauteng, Republic of South Africa, and who kindly assisted me during my recent visit to that institution.

HABITAT. The Luipershoek farm is about 3-4 hours’ drive from Pretoria, and it consists of high-altitude grassland, mountainous terrain, riverine habitat, and afromontane forest (R. Stals, pers. comm.). What is strange about this species is that it was apparently found in the heart of the southern winter, which may well explain why such a conspicuous beetle has escaped intensive research so far.

REMARKS. Dromica stalsi n. sp. is obviously a member of the Dromica marginella group. However, it is much larger than all the other species of this group, and moreover it is very distinctive because of the bright, yellow, wide, raised, longitudinal band of elytra. When males are eventually discovered, they will probably prove to be smaller than the females, with a straight tapering aedeagus, similarly as to that of the other species of this group.

Dromica schuelei n. sp. (figs 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)

Diagnosis. A close relative of Dromica concinna Péringuey, 1904, but smaller, with a shorter pronotum. Male aedeagus less straight, slightly twisted in the middle, with a slight dorsal concavity.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype à , allotype 9, and 12 paratypes (9 4 4,3 22) from South Africa (Northern Province): Louis Trichardt, Ben Lavin Nature Reserve, 29.1.2000, P. Schüle leg.. Eleven additional paratype specimens from same country and province: Louis Trichardt, 17-19.1.1999, P. Schüle leg., 1 9 (PSC); 22 km W Louis Trichardt, 28.1.2000, P. Schüle leg., 1 2 (PSC); Ben Lavin Nature Reserve, 23°08.5S-29°57E, 850m, 4.X11.1999, D. Brzoska leg., 14 19 (DWBC), 1 d (FCC); 30 km NW Pietersburg, 16.1.1999, P. Schüle leg., 1 & (PSC); Griffin Mine [25°59S-30°31E, near Leydsdorp], 1 2 (FCC); “Kudu River”, 1 2 (FCC); Moorddrift [24°17S-28°58E], 1 2 (FCC); Hwy R71, 7.5km E Gravelotte (Hy R40), 23°55S-30°40E, 5.X11.1998, D. Brzoska leg., 16 19 (DWBC). Holotype deposited in the Transvaal Museum (Pretoria, RSA; TMSA), allotype and 11 paratypes in Peter Schiile’s collection (Düsseldorf, Germany; PSC), 2 paratypes in Karl. Werner’s collection (Peiting, Germany; KWC), 4 paratypes in David W. Brzoska’s collection (DWBC), 6 paratypes in author’s collection (FCC).

DESCRIPTION. Head with eyes as wide or slightly wider than the elytra, flattened above, slightly depressed on vertex, fully glabrous except for two sensorial setae or setigerous punctures near both eyes, with prominent, straight, parallel, longitudinal striae on eyes and cheeks, the striae being finer and concentric on frons, stronger and obliquely waved behind on neck. Colour black with some bronze reflections above; cheeks and antennal plates more or less metallic green with bluish to violet reflections. Labrum slightly wider than long, four-haired, with two deep incisions on sides of middle front margin; testaceous with narrowly dark outer edges in the male, more fuscous, sometimes almost wholly darkened, with the three blunt middle teeth distinctly produced outwards, in the female. Mandibles dark brown to pitchy black, slightly rufescent on teeth, briefly testaceous on basal outer

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 1

edge. Maxillary and labial palpi testaceous with the last joint pitchy metallic black; penultimate joint of the labial palpi strongly dilated as in most Dromica species, glabrous and convex below, flattened and with hairy edge in its upper surface. Antennae filiform, not dilated, approximately as long as to the elytral half in the male, shorter with the female; scape and articles 2-4 metallic pitchy black with green to bluish metallic reflections, a single seta or setigerous puncture near the tip of scape, a few spiniform setae on 3rd and Ath articles; antennomeres 5-11 slightly thicker, cylindrical, dull black, finely and evenly pubescent.

Pronotum glabrous, narrow, elongate, much longer (2.3-2.5 mm) than wide (1.4-1.8 mm), slightly narrowed behind, its maximum width near the front third, distinctly raised and convex, especially in the hind half of disc; fine, transversal, slightly waved striations on front, middle and hind lobes, the striae becoming straight at sides, near the epipleural rim; colour black with some bronze reflections on disc, metallic bluish-green near the side margins. Episterna fully glabrous, shiny, dark blue-violet to black, golden-green near the coxae; proespisterna dorso-ventrally striated in their upper side, mesepisterna with waved striation. Sternum glabrous, shiny metallic blue-green to black.

Elytra narrow, oval-shaped, elongate (length: 5.8-6.7 mm from hind apex of scutellum to tip of apical angle; width: 2.7-3.2 mm), with almost no shoulders, evenly ampliated in the middle, briefly truncated apically; outer apical edge slightly angular in the male, more rounded, with a small sutural spine in female. Colour dull black on disk, shiny metallic black on lateral sides, with some slight bluish-green reflections near the shoulders and in some larger elytral punctures; sculpture consisting of evenly spaced round punctures, quite apart from each other, separated by nearly smooth spaces, these punctures being larger and deeper in the front third of elytra, then becoming gradually shallower and smaller from the middle to apex. Elytral markings yellowish, consisting of a roundish to oval-shaped submarginal spot near the middle, a longer, narrow, posteriorly acuminate, subapical lunule, and, in the male, a small roundish humeral dot, markedly raised on the elytral surface. Epipleura rufescent to metallic bronze.

Abdominal sternites smooth, fully glabrous, with just 2-4 sensorial setae near the hind margins, metallic bluish-green to violet-black. Trochanters testaceous-rufous, femora dark bronze with greenish reflections, “knees”, tibiae and tarsi more or less rufescent to dark brown, with a few rows of whitish spiniform setae on all segments and some more hairs on the outer half of the middle tibiae (toilette tool).

Male aedeagus 3.6 mm long, tapering, narrow, straight, slightly twisted in the middle, ventrally inflated, with a small concavity dorsally approximately at the distal third of its length.

Length: males 10.2-11 mm, females 11-12.2 mm (without the labrum and the sutural spine).

ETYMOLOGY. I have the pleasure of dedicating this nice new Dromica species to my friend and colleague Peter Schüle (Herrenberg, Germany), who personally collected most of the type specimens recently, thus finally allowing me to describe a species previously known to me by only a few old female specimens.

REMARKS. Dromica schuelei n. sp. is obviously a close relative of Dromica concinna

18 CASSOLA

Péringuey, 1904, which also occurs in the area, as well as of Dromica transitoria Peringuey, 1896, which apparently has a slightly more southeastern distribution. From both these species, however, it can be immediately and easily distinguished because of the smaller size, the shorter pronotum, and the less straight, more twisted shape of male aedeagus. However, the knowledge of this group is far from complete. For instance, a pair of specimens in my collection, also from the Northern Province (Waterberg, Geelhoutbosch Farm), which I provisionally attributed to concinna, have slightly enlarged antennomeres 5-11, thus suggesting a distinct specific status. Owing to the scantiness of the material which I have seen so far, however, I think it better to defer any final verdict.

Dromica pseudotenella n. sp. (figs 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)

Diacnosis. A small Dromica species of the lepida-group, very similar to D. tenella (Peringuey, 1893) in size and elytral sculpture and markings, but distinctive because of a shorter pronotum, with coarser waved striations.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype, à , from South Africa, labelled “Zulul., Ndumu, X11.1960, van Son leg.” (north-eastern side of KwaZulu/Natal province), and allotype, ©, also from KwaZulu/Natal, 6 mi. S of Pongola, 7 February 1968, both in FCC collection. Twenty-one additional paratype specimens from KwaZulu/Natal (Ndumu NR, 23.X1.2001, P. Schüle, 538422 PSC,1 gd 2 22 FCC; 20km E of Magudu, 18.1.2000, K. Werner, 1 2 KWC; 18.1.2000, P. Schüle, 1 d 1 2 PSC) and Swaziland (25 km E Piggs Peak, 14.XII.2000, K. Werner, 1 6 2 2 2 KWC, 1 2 FCC; 23 km ESE Piggs Peak, 21.X1.2001, P. Schiile, 1 4 ROC. Td PSC),

DESCRIPTION. Head with eyes slightly narrower than the elytral width, depressed on vertex, with rather prominent longitudinal striations, straighter on frons, cheeks, and eyes, more waved on vertex, and obliquely to transversely waved behind on neck; fully glabrous except for two sensorial setae or setigerous punctures near both eyes. Colour more or less metallic coppery-red with some green reflections, especially on clypeus, in front of eyes, and on cheeks. Labrum testaceous, four-haired, with two incisions on the sides of the middle front margin, slightly convex on disc; shorter than wide, almost truncated in front, in the male, the three middle teeth more protruding in the female. Mandibles almost wholly covered by the labrum at rest, testaceous on the basal outer edge, rufescent to brownish on the teeth. Maxillary and labial palpi testaceous with the last joint metallic dark; penultimate joint of the labial palpi strongly dilated, glabrous and convex below, flattened and with hairy edges in its upper surface. Antennae lacking in the male holotype, reduced to just the first six antennomeres in the female allotype; filiform, not dilated, with scape and articles 2-4 metallic dark bronze with green to violet reflections, articles 3 and 4 distally annulated with testaceous-cupric in some specimens; a single seta or setigerous puncture near the tip of scape, a few spiniform setae on articles 3 and 4, distal antennomeres dull black, finely and evenly pubescent.

Pronotum longer (2-2.1mm) than wide (1.5-1.6 mm), though evidently shorter than that of D. tenella, espeially in males, a bit raised and convex on disc, parallel-sided on the middle lobe, then rounded and constricted behind, with rather strong, more or less wavy,

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 19

transversal striations on front, middle and hind lobes, the ones on the middle lobe being less than 18-21 in number (in contrast, these striae are finer, more regular, and more numberous, in D. tenella); colour more or less copper-red as on the head, with some greenish reflections on the disc, in the front and hind constrictions, and along the epipleural rim. Episterna glabrous, metallic cupreous-green to violet-black, more or less shallowly wavy in dorso-ventral direction, otherwise smooth. Sterna glabrous, smooth, metallic golden green with cupric reflections.

Elytra oval-shaped, wider and more convex in the female, with almost no shoulders, ending into a short, sharp, protruding, slightly diverging, apical spine in both sexes, which is longer in the male. Colour dark bronze with a strong coppery overall gloss, the reflections being bluish-green in many punctures of the elytral sculpture, which consists of many, roundish to polygonal, contiguous, evenly distributed punctures, the punctures becoming shallower, more open, tending to coalesce transversally in the hind half of the elytral length. Elytral markings identical with those of D. tenella, with no humeral dot in either sex, a conspicuous, raised, tvory narrow band from below the shoulder to the base of the sutural spine, and moreover a roundish to oval-shaped discal spot behind the middle. Epipleura rufescent to metallic bluish-green.

Abdominal sternites glabrous, smooth, bluish-green to violet, the first two visible ones finely wrinkled longitudinally. Coxae metallic bluish-green to cupric, with some sparse white pubescence at sides; trochanters testaceous-rufescent, femora mostly testaceous, more or less metallic green on basal half, tibiae testaceous with a metallic hue apically, tarsi more or less metallic violet; a few rows of white erect setae on femora, a few spiniform small setae on tibiae and tarsi, some more hairs on the outer half of the middle tibiae (toilette tool).

Male aedeagus narrow, tapering, slightly arc-shaped, very slighty hooked dorsally at apex, practically identical to that of D. fenella, but slightly shorter.

Length: 9.7-10.5 mm (without the labrum and the sutural spine).

ETYMOLOGY. This small, puzzling, new species is so named because of its great similarity with D. tenella, a species which it has to be distinguished from because of the different shape and sculpture of the pronotum.

REMARKS. Dromica pseudotenella n. sp. is obviously a close relative of D. tenella, which also occurs in the same geographical area (type locality: Barberton, Mpumalanga). However, pseudotenella can be distinguished from it because of the shorter pronotum, the roughly coarser pronotal sculpture, and the stronger copper-red colour of head and pronotum. The few distributional data would indicate it to be restricted to Swaziland and NE Kwazulu/Natal (Ebombo) only. More specimens are likely to be found in the entomological collections, ranged under tenella.

| Dromica paulae n. sp. (figs 18, 19, 152)

Diagnosis. A Dromica species of the schaumi-batesi-group, similarly sized as D. taruensis Kolbe, 1897, but with labrum, articles 1-4 of antennae, and legs, fully testaceous-rufous. Male unknown.

20 CASSOLA

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype, ©, from coastal Kenya: S of Malindi, Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, 28 April 1995, F. & P. Cassola leg., in author’s collection (FCC).

DESCRIPTION. Head very large if compared to pronotum; vertex slightly raised in the middle, with a shallow depression in front on both sides; surface glabrous, except for 4-5 erect white setae on each side of the frons, 4-5 decumbent setae sparsely on cheeks, and 1 erect weak seta on each side of neck. Sculpture fine but prominent, with longitudinal straight striae on frons, eyes and cheeks, the striae becoming coarser and wavy on vertex and transversely behind on neck. Colour light metallic bronze with some coppery reflections, dark bluish-green on the gular area. Labrum of female approximately as long as wide, testaceous, four-haired, clearly tri-dentate in the middle, the three median teeth separated by a deep incision on both sides. Mandibles testaceous on the outer base, rufescent above and on teeth, margins of inner teeth narrowly darkened. Maxillary and labial palpi testaceous with the last joint metallic dark; penultimate joint of the labial palpi strongly inflated as in most Dromica species, glabrous and convex below, flattened and with hairy edges in its upper surface. Antennae rather short, approximately as long as to the front third of the elytral length, expectedly longer in the male. Scape testaceous, a single long seta on the tip; articles 2-4 testaceous, with 2-5 short white spiniform setae; articles 5-11 dull black, moderately dilated but not foliated, finely and evenly pubescent. Pronotum longer than wide, strongly constricted in front and behind, the front collar larger and wider, the middle lobe nearly rounded, globose; sculpture with fine, irregular, transversal, waved striations on front, middle and hind lobes, the striae becoming straighter and more evident on sides, near the epipleural rim. Colour as on the head, light metallic bronze with coppery reflections. Proepisterna dark bronze to violet-black, smooth, glabrous, with a few white setae on the ventral side; meso- and metepisterna also violet- black, covered with white semi-erect setae; sternum dark bronze, copper-red at the sides, also covered with white semi-erect setae, especially on the sides of metasternum.

Elytra oval-shaped, with no shoulders at all, rounded and convex in the middle, ending in a sharp, long, protruding apical spine, slightly overlapping each other on both sides of the sutural angle. Colour dark bronze, almost black on the disc, with some metallic cupreous shine on the lateral sides. Sculpture consisting of many small, contiguous, pitted punctures on disc, the punctures being shallower, smaller and rounded on the humeral area and on the sides. Elytral markings very similar to those of D. taruensis, yellow, poured on the sculpture, with some rows of punctures appearing through, consisting of a short, subtriangular basal patch in the front disc of the elytra, a subapical lunule from behind the middle to the apical angle, and a discal roundish spot which is widely connected with the front part of the subapical lunule and also shows a tendency to narrowly coalesce with the basal patch too. Epipleura testaceous, narrowly bordered with metallic bronze.

Abdomen pitchy-brown to black, with some greenish reflections, the last sternite narrowly lighter on the hind border; sides of abdominal sternites sparsely covered with white decumbent setae. Coxae metallic bronze to cupreous, trochanters and legs fully testaceous, briefly darkened on the apex of the tibiae and the tarsal segments; a few rows of whitish spiniform setae on femora, tibiae and tarsi, and some more hairs on the outer half of the middle tibiae (toilette tool).

Male unknown.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica — À

Length: 11.7 mm (without the labrum and the sutural spine).

ETYMOLOGY. I have the pleasure of dedicating this small, distinctive, new Dromica to my wife Paola, who helped in collecting it at the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, and for long time is patiently supporting and encouraging my time-consuming fondness for the tiger beetles.

REMARKS. The Arabuko-Sokoke Forest in coastal Kenya (fig. 152) is a well-known, very interesting biotope, which despite its small size has several important faunal elements, including three endemic birds (Collar & Stuart 1985), and an endemic mongoose among the mammals (Fanshawe 1994). As far as tiger beetles are concerned, I myself described from this same type locality, a few years ago, a new species (Elliptica kenyana) and a new subspecies (Lophyra neglecta sublitoralis) (Cassola 1995). The single holotype specimen of this small new Dromica species was collected along a path in the forest, syntopically with two congeneric species, D. schaumi and D. kenyana.

Dromica zambiensis n. sp. (figs 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)

DIAGNOSIS. Obviously a close relative of D. mesothoracica, however differing with a differently sculptured pronotum, which is narrower, slightly longer, with finer subparallel transversal striae, instead of courser irregular waved striae as those of D. mesothoracica. Apex of male aedeagus a bit shorter, less narrow.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype & , allotype 9, and 11 paratype specimens (9 48 2 2 2) from Zambia: “N.W. Rhodesia, Mwengwa, 27°40E-13°S, H.C. Dollman”, collected respectively on November 4 (1), 8 (1), 13 (1), 16 (5), 17 (4) and 19 (1), 1913; all in the Natural History Museum (London, U.K.; BMNH), except for two paratype specimens in FCC (1 d 1%). Additional forty-three paratype specimens from other Zambian localities: “N.W. Rhodesia, Kashitu, N of Broken Hill, November 1914, H.C. Dollman” (1 8 FCC, 4333 22 BMNH); “N. Rhodesia, N‘Changa, C.T. Macnamara, B.M. 1931-179” (2 4 4 BMNH, 1 6 FCC); Mazabuka, 1400 m, XII.1986, F. Ferrero (1 d 2 2 2 KWC); Kafue City, Kafue River, 1200 m, XII.1986, F. Ferrero (4 dd 1 £ FCC); Kafue City, Kafue River, 1200 m, 22.XI-2.XII.1987, R. Mourglia (3 Sd 822 FCC); Kafue, 1.1988, F. Ferrero (1 6 FCC); Kafue, Kafue River, XII.1989, Minetti leg. (3 dd 422 PSC,2 86 1 2 KWC); Kasanka Nat. Res. Waka Camp, 12°30S-30°15E, 14-20.X11.1989, P. Reavell (1 & 1 £ NCI). Two additional non-type male specimens from “N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi District, 26°20E-12°10S; Brit. Mus. 1919-79” (BMNH). Further specimens may lie in several collections, incorrectly identified, by me too, as D. mesothoracica.

DESCRIPTION. Head rather large, flattened above, glabrous except for two sensorial setae or setigerous punctures near both eyes; sculpture made up with rather strong rough striae, concentric on frons, longitudinal on vertex, a bit rounded on eyes, transversely waved behind on neck; cheeks with finer shallower striae, becoming wavy behind on neck. Sculpture of clypeus nearly effaced, much finer, smooth. Colour shiny black, with some cupric-bronze to bluish reflections. Labrum of male shorter, transverse, wider than long, four-haired, widely testaceous on the outer margins, pitchy brown to black on base and disc, with two small incisions on the sides of the middle front margin; longer, nearly as

22 CASSOLA

long as wide, fully black, in female, the three middle teeth distinctly produced outwards. Mandibles pitchy black on teeth and apical half, briefly testaceous on the basal outer dorsal edge, metallic greenish on the basal ventral edge. Maxillary and labial palpi rufescent with the last joint metallic dark; penultimate joint of labial palpi strongly inflated, glabrous and convex below, flattened and with hairy edges in its upper surface. Scape and articles 2-4 of antennae metallic shiny black, with bluish to violet reflections, a single erect white seta near the tip of scape, a few more decumbent white seta on side of scape (often rubbed-off), some short, darker, spiniform setae on 3rd and 4th articles; antennomeres 5-11 black, strongly foliated, finely and evenly pubescent.

Pronotum much longer (nearly two times) than wide, slightly wider in front, parallel-sided, with the epipleural rims conspicuous and raised all along the sides of the middle lobe; transversely striated on disc, the striae being fine but evident, parallel, regular, not or just poorly waved on sides. Colour shiny black with some slight bluish to violet reflections. Sterna and episterna dark blue-violet to black, shiny, fully glabrous.

Elytra oval-shaped, elongate, wider and more convex in the female, with almost no shoulders, ending into a sharp, protruding, apical spine in the male, the spine being small, much shorter, in female. Colour dark bronze to black, with a metallic shine on shoulder and outer edge, some bluish to cupric reflections on the lateral sides. Sculpture consisting of many polygonal, contiguous, pitted, evenly distributed open foveoles, arranged in longitudinal rows, each row being separated from the contiguous ones by sharp irregular walls; sutural rim prominent, slightly raised on the elytral surface. Elytral markings similar to those of D. mesothoracica, consisting of a subapical lunule from the middle to the sutural angle, a wide transversal median band on disc (laterally connected with the side lunule), and a second shorter discal spur (sometimes lacking or poorly obvious) before the apex; markings are poured on the elytral surface, leaving the longitudinal rows or the elytral punctures visible in between. Epipleura metallic metallic bronze, sometimes slightly rufescent.

Abdominal sternites glabrous, pitchy brown to black, with some metallic hue on the sides of the first visible segments; glabrous, 2-4 long sensorial setae on hind edges of forth and fifth visible sternites. Sides of coxae with white decumbent setae, trochanters pitchy black, femora dark bronze with greenish reflections above and on “knees”, tibiae largely rufescent, tarsi more or less metallic greenish bronze; femora sparsely pubescent, a few rows of whitish spiniform setae on tibiae and tarsi, with some more hairs on the outer half of the middle tibiae (toilette tool).

Male aedeagus tapering, only slightly arc-shaped, not much inflated in the middle, with a short dorsal apical hook.

Length: 4 12.5-14 mm, £ 13.5-15.5 mm (without the labrum and the sutural spine).

ETYMOLOGY. This interesting new Dromica species, which at first I had ascribed to D. mesothoracica, from southern Zaire (Shaba), is so named from the region (central-western Zambia) where it comes from.

REMARKS. The group of D. mesothoracica definitely would need to be revised, as further distinct species may prove to be involved in. Apart from the new species described above, the supposed subspecies prolongatesignata W. Horn, 1925 also seems to deserve separate

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 23

specific status, and moreover two specimens from “Kundelungu (Katanga)” (FCC) also appear to represent a further distinct species. Future research and collecting will likely reveal additional species or help to fully understand the taxonomic relationships between the involved forms.

Dromica brzoskai n. sp. (figs 129, 130, 131, 132, 133)

DiAGNosis. Obviously a close relative of D. limpopoiana, however differing with the slightly smaller size, the finer elytral sculpture, the shorter elytral costa, the more advanced middle elytral spot, and the longer subapical lunule.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype à , allotype 2, and 2 paratype specimens (1 & 1 2) from South Africa (Northern Province): Hy R525, 34 km E Tshipise, 22°28.7S-30°27.1E, 26.X1.1999, D.W. Brzoska leg.; six additional paratype specimens from the same area: Tshipise Adventure Eco., 22°36.6S-30°10.7E, 22.X1.1998, D.W. Brzoska, 1 2; 46.3 km E Tshipise Adventure Eco., 22°26.1S-30°32.9E, 23.X1.1998, D.W. Brzoska, 1 2; Tshipise Adventure Eco. Lodge, 22°36.6S-30°10.6E, 27.X1.1999, D.W. Brzoska, 16; MessinaNR, 22°215 - 30°03E 14.X11.2000 Müller & Burger 15 299% Holotype deposited in the Snow Entomological Museum at the University of Kansas (USA); allotype and three paratypes in D.W. Brzoska’s collection (DWBC); 2 paratypes d £ in author’s collection (FCC); 2 paratypes 6 9 in TMSA, 1 paratypes ¢ P. Shule’s collection (PSC).

DESCRIPTION. Head relatively small, moderately excavated above, glabrous except for two sensorial setae or setigerous punctures near both eyes, black with some bronze-green reflections on eyes, clypeus and genae; sculpture made up with fine but evident striae, concentric on frons, longitudinal on vertex and eyes, transversely waved behind on neck; cheeks with finer shallower waved striae. Sculpture of clypeus nearly effaced, much finer, isodiametric. Labrum of male transverse, wider than long, four-haired, widely testaceous on disc, with the front edge and the base pitchy black; outer side margins also narrowly blackened; longer, nearly as long as wide, fully black with side margins more or less testaceous, in female, the three middle teeth distinctly produced outwards. Mandibles shiny black, briefly testaceous on their basal side edge only. Maxillary and labial palpi testaceous with the last joint metallic dark; penultimate joint of labial ‘palpi strongly inflated, glabrous and convex below, flattened and with hairy edges in its upper surface; second joint of maxillary palpi also obviously inflated. Scape and articles 2-4 of antennae metallic shiny black, with some bluish to violet reflections, a single erect white seta near the tip of scape, some short black spiniform setae on the outer sides of 3rd and 4th articles; antennomeres 5-11 black, strongly foliated, finely and evenly pubescent.

Pronotum nearly one and half times longer than wide, slightly wider in front, then subparallel-sided, with the epipleural rims conspicuous and raised at sides of middle lobe; middle lobe transversely striated on disc, the striae being 22-24 in number, evident, parallel, regular, not or poorly waved on sides. Colour shiny black with some slight bluish to violet reflections. Sternal pieces dark blue-violet to black, shiny; episterna fully glabrous, sides of sterna covered with a white erect pubescence.

Elytra oval-shaped, elongate, ampliated past the middle, wider and more convex in the

24 CASSOLA

female, with almost no shoulders, ending into a sharp, protruding, straight apical spine in the male, the spine being very small in the female. Colour black, with some slight metallic shine along the suture, the elytral costa and the outer edges. Sculpture consisting of many polygonal, contiguous, pitted, evenly distributed open foveoles, larger in front, smaller behind, with sharp irregular walls in between; a slightly raised irregular costa, parallel to the suture but some distance from, running from the base to nearly the median part. Yellowish elytral markings similar to those of D. limpopoiana m. speciosa, consisting of a small humeral patch (present in the male holotype only, lacking in all the other type specimens), a long subapical lunule (running from the apex up to nearly the middle of the elytral side margin), and a median, discoidal, oval-shaped spot above the end of the subapical lunule, tending to coalesce with it in the female allotype specimen; elytral punctures visible on the elytral discal spot too. Epipleura more or less rufescent in front, then pitchy black to metallic bronze.

Abdominal sternites fully glabrous, black with some bluish-violet reflections. Lateral sides of coxae with white decumbent hairs, trochanters pitchy black to dark rufous-brown. Femora bronze black with violet reflections, tibiae more or less tinged with rufous, tarsi shiny black; a few rows of small white hairs on femora, some small spiniform setae on tibiae and tarsi, some additional fine hairs on outer half of middle tibiae (toilette tool). Male aedeagus nearly identical to that of D. limpopoiana (fig. 100), large, long, straight, dorsally hooked at apex.

Length: 4 4 16.2-16.5 mm, £ 2 17.3-18.5 mm (without the labrum and the sutural spine). ]

ETYMOLOGY. I have the pleasure of naming this interesting new Dromica species after its first collector, my friend Dr David W. Brzoska (Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.), perhaps the most active tiger beetle collector presently in the world.

REMARKS. D. brzoskai n. sp. is definitely a close relative of D. limpopoiana and its allied species. However, it can be distinguished from Péringuey’s species because of the slightly | smaller size, the elytra more elongated behind, the shorter elytral costa, the finer elytral sculpture, and the different elytral markings, which include a longer subapical lunule (more advanced toward the half of the elytral margin), a smaller discal spot, placed more in front, almost in the middle of the elytron, and sometimes a short humeral patch (placed more laterally than the basal patch of /impopoiana and oneili). From D. prolongata (fig. 102), which also resembles it very much, especially because of the elytra elongated behind, D. brzoskai n. sp. can be easily told apart by the differently shaped male aedeagus.

Pseudodromica lerouxae n. sp. (figs 25, 26, 27)

DIAGNOSIS. A rather large species of the clathrata-group, black, with five longitudinal costae and three conspicuous yellow spots on each elytron. Labrum testaceous, antennae foliated, pronotum longer than wide, rectangular-shaped.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype, 3, from South Africa (Mpumalanga): Luipershoek Farm, near Roossenekal, at 25°07S-29°50E, 8 July 1990, L.G. le Roux leg., in the National Collection of Insects (NCI), Pretoria, RSA.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 25

DESCRIPTION. Head black, with bronze reflections, almost flat on the vertex, with relatively small yellow eyes; surface glabrous, with just the two ordinary sensorial setae near front and middle edges of each eye, and moreover 3-4 erect white hairs in a longitudinal row on both sides of frons; evident but relatively fine striae all over the surface, the striae being finer and straight on eyes and cheeks, concentric on frons, transversely waved behind on neck. Labrum (male) short, testaceous, four-haired, wider than long, poorly advanced in front edge, rather convex on disc, with a conspicuous depression on both sides of the base. Mandibles pitchy black, briefly testaceous on the basal outer edge. Maxillary and labial palpi testaceous, with the last joint metallic dark; penultimate joint of the labial palpi poorly dilated, glabrous and rounded below, flattened and with hairy edges on its upper surface. Antennae black, foliated, approximately as long as to the front third of the elytral length (expectedly shorter in the female); scape and articles 2-4 with some metallic hue, a fan of 3-4 erect setae on tip of scape, 6-7 short spines on the outer edges of 3rd article, 1- 2 more on the 4th, antennomeres 5-11 dull black, strongly enlarged and depressed from Sth to 9th, then progressively narrowed, finely and evenly pubescent.

Pronotum black, glabrous, distinctly longer (3.9 mm) than wide (3.1 mm), subrectangular in shape, with strong waved striae on front and hind lobes, the striae being lighter, straighter and more transverse (only slightly obliquely descending on disc) on the middle lobe, which moreover is produced in two long roundish gibbose protuberances behind. Episterna pitchy black, glabrous, with some bronze to bluish reflections; some dorso- ventral waved striae only in the upper part of proespisterna and on mesepisterna.

Elytra shining black, oval-shaped, elongate (10.5 mm from hind apex of scutellum to tip of apical spine), with almost no shoulders, ending into a short, sharp, protruding, apical spine, the spines slightly diverging from each other. Elytral sculpture rather strong in the front half, with five raised, parallel, longitudinal costae on each elytron, the three inner ones ending approximately past the middle, behind the middle spot of the elytra, the outer two ones shorter, ending approximately near the front edge of the middle yellow spot; intervals between the costae transversely intersected by parallel transverse carinae that circumscribe rectangular, rather deep, irregular reticulations. Apical third of elytra contrasting with the front parts, covered with smaller round open punctures which become progressively smaller near the apex. Elytral markings very conspicuous, yellow, slightly raised on the elytral surface, with the sculpture appearing through, consisting of a broad elongate humeral spot, extending approximately between the 2nd and the 5th longitudinal costae, a larger roundish submarginal spot around the middle, reaching internally the edge of the 3rd costa, and a longer, marginal, continuous apical lunule from below the middle spot to the apical angle. Sutural spines short but rather strong, epipleura testaceous to rufescent.

Underside nearly glabrous, with some erect white pubescence on the sternum, the coxae and the lower sides of pro- and meso-episterna. Abdominal segments shining black, smooth, fully glabrous. Trochanters rufous to pitchy black, a single seta on the tip of front and middle ones. Legs black with some violaceous reflections, front tibiae slightly rufescent basally; some. rows of erect spiniform setae on all segments, and moreover a more dense pubescence on the outer half of the middle legs (toilette tool) and below the three basal joints of the front tarsi (mating male tool).

26 | CASSOLA

Male aedeagus bulky, massive, slightly curved, widened in the middle, with a long dorsal opening in its outer half and a short straight beak apically.

Female unknown.

Length: 18 mm (without the labrum and the sutural spine).

ETYMOLOGY. This beautiful, large, unexpected new Pseudodromica species is so named because it is dedicated to Mrs. Lulu le Roux, who was in the Entomology classes in South Africa, and collected the single holotype specimen over ten years ago, then later specialised in Botany and moved to America (R. Stals, pers. comm.). Before leaving, Mrs. le Roux deposited her insect specimens in the NCI collection, where I have found this specimen in January 2000, on the occasion of a short personal visit to such an institution.

HABITAT. As it has been reported above, the Luipershoek farm is about 3-4 hours’ drive from Pretoria, and it consists of high-altitude grassland, mountainous terrain, riverine habitat, and afromontane forest. Curiously, as for the co-occurring D. stalsi, described above, P. lerouxae was apparently found in the heart of the southern winter, which may well explain why such a conspicuous beetle has escaped intensive research so far.

REMARKS. Pseudodromica lerouxae n. sp. 1s obviously a member of the clathrata- tuberculata group, as the shape of pronotum and the male aedeagus clearly demonstrate. From all the other species of such a group, however, it can be immediately and easily distinguished because of its conspicuous, distinctive, yellow elytral maculation.

ECOLOGY

As pointed out above, all Dromica are typical inhabitants of the African savannahs, grasslands and semideserts, where they are diurnal, flightless, cursorial, ground predators. In turn, they are likely preyed upon by a number of vertebrate predators, a situation which has probably enhanced their pronounced fast-running habits as well as similarities of elytral patterns and general appearance. Poorly known mimicry chains can be postulated in several instances, which may involve other participants too, such as carabid beetles (Cassola 1986a, Cassola & Vigna Taglianti 1990) or mutillid wasps (Marshall & Poulton 1902, Carpenter 1936, Burgeon 1937) (figs 64, 165, 166).

Interestingly enough, no counterparts of Dromicas are known from similar habitats in other parts of the world. Apart, perhaps, for a couple of Jansenia species in southern India [J. westermanni (Schaum, 1861), J. pseudodromica (W. Horn, 1932)], which are morphologically strongly reminiscent of small-sized Dromica species, and probably occupy a similar ecological niche (Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; author’s personal observations, 1998), there are no other species-rich genera of flightless, fast running tiger beetle predators in the grassland or savannah-like habitats of any continent other than Africa.

In several African countries, such as in Malawi, the greatest numbers of species are found in the mid-altitude zone (“Lake shore and Rift Valley environments are poorly

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 27

represented Dromica is clearly a woodland genus in Malawi, favouring altitudes of 900- 1400 m and rainfall of 1000-1300 mm”: Werner & Dudley 1998). Occasional evidence, such as the discovery of two new conspicuous South African species (see above), would show that some species at least may apparently be active, and should be searched for, in the heart of the southern winter. If such a biological feature will be confirmed, it would well explain why these species have escaped intensive research so far, and suggest that further, presently unknown, species may well exist even in well-known areas.

No Dromica larvae were known (Putchkov & Arndt 1994) until Arndt (1998) described the third instar larva of clathrata. Judging from the few available data, Dromica larvae appear to have the most derived character states among all the known larvae of Prothymina (Arndt & Cassola 1999). Recent work on rearing Dromica in captivity will soon lead to a better knowledge of larval instars of several more species (Oesterle, pers. comm.; Schüle, pers. comm.). Recently (Schüle, pers. comm.; Bologna, pers. comm.), an adult specimen of Dromica was found holding a grasping phoretic Meloid triungulin larva of the genus Cyaneolytta, an association which was previously known only with Anthiini ground beetles (Bologna et al. 1990).

BIOGEOGRAPHY

A study of the geographical distribution of the genus Dromica will doubtless provide insights into its origin and evolution. The fact that there are no Dromica- homologous elements on other continents or regions, including Madagascar, is consistent with the view that the genus 1s an African endemic, which probably originated autonomously in southern Africa after the disruption of Gondwanaland (Jeannel 1961). The dispersal and evolution of Dromica should therefore have started from a southern stock, slowly moving northwards within all suitable habitats and thus outside high deserts and tropical forests.

The absence of Dromica-like elements on Madagascar (where savannahs occur too) and the occurrence of such a closely related species as Socotrana on Socotra Island (fig. 1) could hardly be explained if Socotra should prove to be a fragment of the sub- unit of Gondwanaland known as Sudamadia rather than simply an off-shore fragment of Somalia. Socotra is known to be one of the “most isolated pieces of land” in the history of the Earth (Kossmat 1907), and it probably represents part of a fault block separated from the mainland by the same series of dislocations that produced the Gulf of Aden in Tertiary times (Cassola & Wranik 1998). Such a separation would go back about 60 millions years, long after the separation of Madagascar from Gondwanaland in Permian times (Brenon 1972), and as a consequence the genus Dromica must have evolved between the two events, thus emerging as a very ancient tiger beetle stem. Adaptation of Dromica to flightless, cursorial habits, as well as the lack of extensive marine interludes on the African continent, doubtless favoured the multiplication of species and the spread of the genus, despite the limited mobility of the individual beetles, from southern Africa all the way to the Sahelian borders, a process which would probably still be operating

28 CASSOLA

today were it not for the constraints introduced by human activities. CONCLUSIONS

Future specialized research in the many, huge, poorly known countries of central and southern Africa will probably lead to locate and discover many more, presently unknown, Dromica species, thus further increasing the number of specific or subspecific taxa that occur in the African wilderness. In fact, to flightless creatures as Dromica are, dispersal should probably be made slower or more difficult by the huge distances and many geographical barriers, thus facilitating individual variation and local speciation. In contrast, only a few geographical subspecies can presently be individuated and accepted. Most of the so-called subspecies recognized by Walther Horn in his later papers (1926a, 1929a, 1940), have turned out to rather be either mere individual variations or full separate species. Quite surprisingly, most Dromica species appear to change little geographically, and mostly have apparently rather restricted, local distributions.

On the other side, Africa is changing quickly. Increase of human population is rapidly producing conversion of grasslands and savannahs into agricultural lands, thus disrupting, rarefying or destroying faunal assemblages and invertebrate communities outside the national parks and other protected areas. Many localized species or local populations may even disappear previous than their discovery and comprehension can be made. Thus, it is definitely the time for increasing research and collection of representative specimens of the various populations as soon as possible. What is needed for is not the just casual collecting of individual specimens by unexperienced voyagers or resident people, but the search for reasonably long series of specimens, together with precise locality data and ecological and behavioural observations, by dedicated specialist entomologists or well trained local people.

A plea should finally be made for the proper protection and securing of as many representative portions of the various African habitats and biomes as possible, not only to give a chance to the unique landscapes and vertebrate faunal communities to survive (to steadily represent the basis for future touristic sustainable exploitation and economic income), but also to ensure the continuity of the still poorly known invertebrate communities of these ecosystems, as they are efficaciously represented by these small, speedy, flightless creatures of the African savannahs.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 29

APPENDIX I DESCRIBED TAXA

The list below includes all the names which have been hithertho published in the genera Dromica, Myrmecoptera and Cosmema, or which have been someway connected to them in entomological literature. In sequence, the following information is given: 1. name, 2. describer, 3. year of description, 4. original spelling and combination, 5. literature reference, 6. ranging and combinations in subsequent literature, with special reference to Horn’s (1926a), Wiesner’s (1992) and Werner’s (2000a) catalogues, 7. ranging and combination (if different) adopted in the present paper, 8. type specimens, 9. type locality, 10. known depositories of type specimens, 11. examination of type specimens, 12. published illustrations, 13. distributional data, 14. reference literature items, 15. reference collections examined, 16. remarks (when necessary).

For example:

[1] GROSSULA [2] W. Horn, [3] 1914 [4] Dromica (Cosmema) grossula [5] Horn, 1914a: 12 [6] Dromica grossula, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94 [6] Dromica grossula, Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 177 [7] Foveodromica grossula (comb. n.) FR CAT [9] “Angola (ex coll. V. Plason)” MO 2 6S (DED, (MED [11] ! [12] Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 170) ... [13] Country. Province: locality [14] (Werner 2000a; [15] MRAC). [16] REMARKS.

Reference or depository collections and collections which have been examined are indicated as follows:

ABC Arnaldo Bordoni Collection, Florence, Italy

ACBRI Agriculture Canada, Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada AEUT Agricultural Entomology (Entomologia Agraria), University of Turin, Italy AOC Andreas Oesterle Collection, Winnenden, Germany

AVC Alfried Vogler Collection, Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain BMNH Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain

BVNC C.M.C. Brouerius van Nidek, Voorburg, Nederland

30

DEI CAS CAC CMNH CROC DEUP DLPC DWBC BA EWC RCE FMNH GAC GZC HFHC HSC IANL IRSNB ITZ JMC JMCB IRC JWC KWC MBL MCZR MDA MHC MHNG MIBC MNHN MRAC MRSN MSNC MSNT MSNV MZL MZSF MZUB NCI NHMB NHMS NHRS

CASSOLA

Deutsche Entomologische Institut, Eberswalde, Germany California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA Cesare Iacovone Collection, Atessa, Italy

Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Colin R. Owen Collection, Somerset West, South Africa Department of Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa David L. Pearson Collection, Tempe, Arizona, USA

David W. Brzoska Collection, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

Erik Arndt Collection, Bernburg, Germany

Erik Werner Collection, Hôchstadt, Germany

Fabio Cassola Collection, Rome, Italy

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Gianni Alberghini Collection, Bologna, Italy

Gario Zappi Collection, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy

H.F. Howden Collection, Ottawa, Canada

Hirofumi Sawada Collection, Aomori, Japan

Instituto de Investigacao Agronomica, Nova Lisboa, Angola Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie, Amsterdam, The Netherlands John E. Miskell Collection, Geneseo, New York, USA

Jiri Moravec Collection, Adamov u Brno, Czech Republic Johann Probst Collection, Wien, Austria

Jürgen Wiesner Collection, Wolfsburg, Germany

Karl Werner Collection, Peiting, Germany

Museu Bocage, Lisboa, Portugal

Museo Civico di Zoologia, Rome, Italy

Museu do Dundo, Dundo, Angola

Michio Hori Collection, Wakayama, Japan

Muséum d‘Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland

Malawi Invertebrate Biodiversity Centre, Blantyre, Malawi Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium

Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Carmagnola, Italy

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Trieste, Italy

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Venice, Italy

Museum of Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Museo Zoologico “La Specola”, Florence, Italy

Museo Zoologico dell’ Universita, Bologna, Italy

National Collection of Insects, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland

Naturhistorische Museum, Szczecin (Stettin), Poland

Naturhistoriska Rikmusset, Stockholm, Sweden

NMBSA National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 31

NMN National Museum, Nairobi, Kenya

PASW Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland

PSC Peter Schüle Collection, Düsseldorf, Germany

RNC Roger Naviaux Collection, Domérat, France

SAM South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa

SBC Sandro Bruschi Collection, Rome, Italy

SMNS State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany SMUK Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, USA SMWN State Museum, Windhoek, Namibia

TMSA Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa

VAC Vincent Allard Collection, Waterloo, Belgium

VKC Vit Kabourek Collection, Zlin, Czech Republic

VTC Vladimir Tichy Collection, Trebon, Czech Republic WDSC William D. Sumlin Collection, San Antonio, Texas, USA ZMB Zoologische Museum, Berlin, Germany

ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany

As far as possible, localities have been identified and located by a careful consultation of travel guides and maps. In particular, the following Lonely Planet Books have been consulted: East Africa, by G. Crowther & H. Finlay, 3rd edition (Italian translation: Kenya, Tanzania e Zanzibar, Guide EDT, 1994); Malawi, Mozambique & Zambia, by D. Else, August 1997; South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland, by J. Murray et al., 3rd edition, January 1998; Zimbabwe, Botswana & Namibia, by D. Swaney, 3rd edition, January 1999. Moreover, the following maps have been duly examined (in alphabetical order): Africa, scale 1: 9,000,000, Hallwag, Bern 1980/81; Africa, Central and South, scale 1: 4,000,000, Michelin Map, Clermond-Ferrand 1971; Africa, North-East, scale 1: 4,000,000, Michelin Map, London 1973; Angola, scale 1: 2,000,000, Cartographia, Budapest 1989; Carta dell'Africa Orientale Italiana, scale 1: 1,000,000, in 37 sheets, TCI, Milano 1936; Carta dell ‘Africa Orientale Italiana, scale 1: 1,000,000, in 6 sheets, CTI, no date given (but 1938); Democratic Republic of the Congo, scale 1: 3,300,000, Cartographia, Budapest 1998; Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djiibouti, scale 1: 2,500,000, Cartographia, Budapest 1996; Kenya, 1: 1,250,000, Bartholomew World Travel Map, 1981; Kenya, scale: 1,500,000, Kenya Government 1989; Kenya & Northern Tanzania, scale 1: 1,400,000, Rowanya Enterprises, Nairobi, no date given; Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ruanda, Burundi, scale 1: 2,000,000, Freytag & Berndt, Wien, no date given; Malawi, scale 1: 900,000, ITMB Publishing, Vancouver 1996; Mozambique, scale 1: 2,000,000, Cartographia, Budapest 1994/95; Südafrika, scale 1:2,000,000, Freytag & Berndt Maps, Wien 1996; Tanzania, scale 1: 1,500,000, Nelles Maps, München, no date given; Transvaal, scale 1: 1,500,000, Map Studio, Johannesburg 1989; Uganda, scale 1: 800,000, ITMB Publishing, Vancouver 1996; Zambia, 1: 1,500,000, ITMB Publishing, Vancouver 1997; Zimbabwe, scale 1: 1,250,000, ITMB Maps, Vancouver 1995; Zimbabwe, scale 1: 1,100,000, Freytag & Berndt Maps, Wien 1997; Zimbabwe, Botswana & Namibia, 1: 2,000,000, Lonely Planet Travel Atlas, January 1996. When neither maps nor guides could help, localities have been checked in the NIMA Geonet programme. However, several toponyms sorted out to be highly ambiguous, as many different localities may bear the very same name: for instance, “Elandshoek” (no less than 21 toponyms in Geonet, from South Africa),

32 CASSOLA

“Doornfontein” (66), “Rooipoort” (66), “Weltvreden” (213), “Rietfontein” (353). Localities which have remained unknown are listed within their respective countries, before the given provinces. Distributional data have been ordered, as far as possible, in a West to East and North to South sequence, within the corresponding countries (underlined) and provinces (italics). Literature sources and depository collections are indicated. As far as possible, co-ordinates or location of listed toponyms, as well as the current names of old colonialistic localities, are also given.

The following abbreviations of protected areas have been used: FR (Forest Reserve), FS (Forest Station), GR (Game Reserve), MR (Mountain Reserve), NR (Nature Reserve), NP (National Park).

ABRUPTESCULPTA W. Horn, 1914

Dromica abrupte-sculpta W. Horn, 1914b: 423

Dromica abrupte-sculpta, XVII. Gruppe “gibbicollis”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica abruptesculpta; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 186.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Kapirr”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. 1 6, 1 2 (MRAC!); 2 £ £ (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 189, 189.1).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Kapiri (Horn 1914b; Werner 2000a; DEI, MRAC); Mufungwa- Sampwe (Horn 1914b; DEI); Elisabethville [=Lubumbashi] (Horn 1929a; Burgeon 1937; Werner 2000a; MRAC); Mura (FCC).

REMARKS. My specimen from Mura (November 1949) should be the fifth known specimen, as the species has apparently never been collected again.

ABUKARI Cassola, 1989

Dromica abukari Cassola, 1989: 118.

Dromica abukari, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 117.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Afgoi, 25 km W of Mogadishu’.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype & (FCC!); allotype 2 (GZC!); 2 6 6, 1 2 (FCC!); 1 Sd (MRAC!); 1 d (KWC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola 1989, fig. 1); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 86); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 84); habitat (Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 135). DISTRIBUTION. Somalia. Benadir: Afgoi (Cassola 1989; Cassola & Miskell 1990; Werner 2000a; FCC, GAC, GZC, MRAC, KWC); Mogadishu (Cassola 1989; FCC).

REMARKS. Eight specimens only are known so far in all.

ACUMINATA Chaudoir, 1864 Dromica acuminata Chaudoir, 1864: 40.

Dromica acuminata; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Dromica tuberculata var. acuminata; Péringuey 1893: 80.

Dromica tuberculata acuminata, III. Gruppe “bicostata-octocostata”; Horn 1926a: 85. Dromica tuberculata acuminata; Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 102.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica tuberculata carinulata (syn. n.).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 33

TYPE LOCALITY. “Elle habite le Natal”. TYPE SPECIMENS. “...deux individus” (MNHN?). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 67c).

ALBICINCTELLA Bates, 1878 Dromica albicinctella Bates, 1878: 334. Cosmema albicincta (sic!); Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Cosmema albicinctella; Peringuey 1893: 89.

Dromica albicinctella, XII. Gruppe “furcata-alboclavata”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica albicinctella, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 156.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Trans-Vaal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “&” (MNHN?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 137, 137.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 69).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Transvaal (Bates 1878). North-West: Potchefstroom (Werner 2000a; TMSA); Melodie [25°44S-22°51E] (DLPC); Swartruggens (FCC). Gauteng: 20 km E Pretoria (FCC, HFHC); Johannesburg (FCC, TMSA).

REMARKS. A distinct species in the marginella group, as important differences in elytral sculpture (Horn 1935a) are apparent (Bates 1878: “...punctis versus apicem rarioribus”). However, the whole group should definitely be deeply reviewed, based on examination of type specimens as well as of large, recent, well-labelled material.

ALBIVITTIS Chaudoir, 1865

Dromica albivittis Chaudoir, 1865: 48.

Dromica albivittis; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Dromica albivittis, WI. Gruppe “bicostata-octocostata”; Horn 1926a: 85.

Dromica albivittis; Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 100.

Pseudodromica? albivittis (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “... Elle habite Port-Natal et m’a été généreusement donnée par M. Grut”.

Type specimen. “Male ...” (MNHN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 10, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, colour figs | 65,-65:4, 45:25 aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 107).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Northern Province: Woodbush Drive [23°52S-29°55E] (FCC, TMSA). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (Péringuey 1893; TMSA); Barberton (Péringuey 1893; Werner 2000a); 30 km W Piet Retief (Werner 2000a; KWC). KwaZulu/Natal: Port Natal (Chaudoir 1865); Giants Castle [29°20S-29°29E] (TMSA).

REMARKS. Chaudoir’s species, despite its distinctive elytral markings, would appear to belong to the genus Pseudodromica, because specimens from Woodbush Drive, Northern Province, which would appear to be albivittis because of their distinctive elytral markings, have the same typically-shaped aedeagus as most other Pseudodromica species have. However, such a combination is proposed here tentatively only, because albivittis was actually described from “Port Natal”, and a male specimen from Giants Castle, KwaZulu/Natal, in the TMSA collection, although very similar to the above mentioned specimens as far as body shape and elytral markings are concerned, proved to possess a

34 | CASSOLA

much distinctive, completely different aedeagus (slender, longer, tapering, dorsally arched in its apical part, ending into a subrectangular, albard-shaped, apical beak: fig. 107), thus obviously being a distinct species, other than the one from Woodbush Drive. It is well possible that the latter species could instead be bertinae Dohrn, 1891 (described from “Transvaal”) and, in such a case, bertinae should be resurrected from synonymy. However, any definite taxonomic statement would necessarily imply the check of all type specimens. If synonymy with albivittis should be confirmed, a second undescribed species would appear to be involved in.

ALBOCLAVATA Dokhtouroff, 1883

Dromica alboclavata Dokhtouroff, 1883: 8.

Cosmema alboclavata; Fleutiaux 1892: 37, Péringuey 1893: 89.

Dromica alboclavata, XII. Gruppe “furcata-alboclavata”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica alboclavata; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 155.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Patrie: Natal”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 exemplaires, ma collection”: “DEI: 1 Syntypus” (Döbler 1973: 356). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 135, 135.1, 135.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 11); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 68).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Rhen Kop (TMSA). North-West: Delarey (FCC, TMSA). Northern Province: Warmbaths (FCC); Warmbad (Werner 2000a; KWC); Pietersburg-Tzaneen (Werner 2000a; KWC); Zoutpansberg (TMSA); Waterberg (TMSA); Nylsvley [24°40S-28°42E] (TMSA). Gauteng: Johannesburg (FCC); Bedford Ridge nr Johannesburg (FCC, NCI); Pretoria (MRAC, NCI); 20-25 km E Pretoria (FCC). KwaZulu/Natal: “Natal” (Dokhtouroff 1883; MRAC); Durban (MRAC); Estcourt (TMSA); Weenen (MRAC).

REMARKS. A distinct species in the marginella group, as important differences in pronotal length (Dokhtouroff 1883: “Le thorax est presque quadrangulaire”) and in elytral sculpture (Horn 1935a) are apparent. However, the whole group should be deeply reviewed, based on examination of type specimens as well as of large, recent, well-labelled material from many different localities.

ALBOCOSTATA W. Horn, 1939

Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Mauchi subsp. albo-costata Horn, 1939: 152. Dromica mauchii albocostata; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000: 114. Pseudodromica mauchii albocostata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Kitui, collected by R. Toker’.

TYPE SPECIMENS. | & (DEIN; 1 2 (NMN!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 82c, 82c.1).

ALGOENSIS Péringuey, 1893 Myrmecoptera algoensis Péringuey, 1893: 67.

“eine Zeichnungsvarietät von Myrm. Junodi’; Horn 1904a: 91.

Compl-F of Dromica Junodi, VIII. Gruppe “Saundersi-Junodi”; Horn 1926a: 90. Junior synonym of Dromica junodi; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 143. TYPE LOCALITY. “From Rikatla (Delagoa Bay)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype 2 (SAM).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 35

ALLARDI Basilewsky, 1963 Dromica allardi Basilewsky, 1963: 99.

Dromica allardi, Wiesner 1992, 68, Werner 2000a: 186.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Katanga: Kolwezi”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype & (MRAC!); allotype 2 (MRAC!); 5 88,9 22 (MRAC!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Basilewsky 1963, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, colour figs 190, 190.1). DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Kolwezi (Basilewsky 1963; Werner 2000a; FCC, MRAC); Zilo (Basilewsky 1963; ABC, FCC, MRAC); Jadotville [=Likasi] (Basilewsky 1963; Werner 2000a; MRAC); Mura (Basilewsky 1963; MRAC); Lualaba: Musonoie (FCC, MRAC, TMSA).

ALLARDIANA Basilewsky, 1972 Dromica allardiana Basilewsky, 1972: 275.

Dromica allardiana; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 152.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Katanga, Zilo”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Four specimens: holotype & (MRAC!); 2 d d, 1 2 (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 130, 130.1).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Zilo (Basilewsky 1972; Werner 2000a; ABC, JWC, MRAC, VAC); Kanzenze (FCC).

REMARKS. The taxonomic place of this species is still unclear. Together with two closely allied species, “Cicindela” cosmemoides W. Horn, 1913, and hexasticta Fairmaire, 1887, it should probably be isolated in a separate genus, other than Dromica and Bennigsenium.

AMBITIOSA Péringuey, 1893

Cosmema ambitiosa Péringuey, 1893: 84.

Dromica ambitiosa, XVI. Gruppe “sexmaculata-Helleri”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica ambitiosa; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 183.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal (Barberton).

TYPE SPECIMEN. “I only know the male (one example)” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 184, 184.1); aedeagus (Cassola et al. 2000, fig. 3e; Cassola, this paper, fig. 38); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 184.2; Cassola, this paper, fig. 139). DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (FCC, TMSA); Marieps Mts. (FCC, TMSA); Witbank (FCC); White River (TMSA); 20 km E Nelspruit (PSC); Ermelo (TMSA); Crocodile Poort (TMSA); Barberton (Péringuey 1893, Werner 2000a; BMNH, BVNC, DEI, FCC, KWC, NCI, PSC, TMSA); 8 km SE Barberton on Bulembu rd (FCC, KWC, PSC); Three Sisters [20 km SW Kaapmuiden] (FCC, TMSA). Gauteng: Pretoria (FCC). KwaZulu/Natal: 20 km E Magudu (FCC); Mkuzi (TMSA); Ndumu (VTC). Swaziland. Malolotja NR (FCC, KWC, PSC).

REMARKS. The geographical distributions of ambitiosa and allied species have been recently determined by Cassola ef al. (2000).

ANGOLANA Cassola, 1980

Dromica angolana Cassola, 1980: 204.

Dromica angolana; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000: 176. TYPE LOCALITY. “S.-E. Angola: Cuchi, Menongue”.

36 CASSOLA

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (CAS! ); allotype 2 (CASI); 1 8 (CAS!); 1 4 (FCC!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola 1980a, fig. 1); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 167).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Cuando Cubango: Menongue (Cassola 1980a; CAS); Cuchi nr Menongue, within 100 km N (Cassola 1980a; Werner 2000a; CAS, FCC).

REMARKS. Just the four type specimens are known so far.

ANGUSTATA W. Horn, 1909 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Bennigseni angustata Horn, 1909a: 92.

Dromica Bennigseni angustata, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica bennigseni angustata; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 124.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Lindi (Süden von Deutsch-Ostafrika)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included; 5 syntypes (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 93a, 93a.1).

REMARKS. Subspecific status appears to be doubtful. Probably just a junior synonym of bennigseni.

ANGUSTICOLLIS Péringuey, 1894 Myrmecoptera angusticollis Péringuey, 1894: 448.

Dromica angusticollis, XV. Gruppe “angusticollis”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Dromica angusticollis; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 163.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashunaland (Salisbury)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 2 d 4 (SAM); 1 4 (DEI!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 145, 145.1, 145.2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 55).

DISTRIBUTION. Malawi. Central: Chikale FR [Nkatha Bay] (Werner & Dudley 1998); Dzalanyama FR [SW of Lilongwe] (Werner & Dudley 1998). Southern: Mulanje (MRAC). Zimbabwe. Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Péringuey 1894, 1896; Werner 2000a; DEI, MRAC, NCI, TMSA). Matabeleland South: Matobo [=Matopos] (FCC); S of Marula nr Nkukhu (FCC). Masvingo: Mushandike NP (Werner 2000a). Mozambique. Sofala: 6fi mi Beira (FCC, NCI).

ANTONIAE Werner, 1998

Dromica antoniae Werner, 1998: 166. |

TYPE LOCALITY. “Morogoro, near Mikumi”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 4 (TMSA); “some paratypes” (K WC).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Werner 1998, figs 1-3); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 102, 102.1); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 102.2).

DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. Morogoro: Mikumi (Werner 1998, 2000a).

REMARKS. Six specimens in all (4 6 d, 2 2 2) are known so far (Werner 1998).

APICALIS W. Horn, 1903

Dromica (Cosmema) apicalis Horn, 1903a: 317. Dromica apicalis, XIV. Gruppe “lepida”; Horn 1926a: 93. Dromica apicalis; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 160.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 37

TYPE LOCALITY. “Salisbury (Mashonaland)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 4,4 2 2 (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner & Wiesner 1994, fig. 25; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 141); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 19, fig. 8); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 44).

DISTRIBUTION. Namibia. Khomas: Windhoek: Excelsior [22°27S-17°38E] (Werner & Wiesner 1994; FCC, SMWN). Botswana. East: 110 km S Francistown (TMSA). Zimbabwe. Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Horn 1903a; DEI, FCC, NCI, TMSA). Manicaland: Umtali [=Mutare] (Werner 2000a; DEI). Matabeleland South: Plumtree (DEI); Bulawayo (DEI, FCC); 35 km SE Gwanda [21°01S-29°17E] (DWBC). South Africa. Free State: Demetsdorp (TMSA). Gauteng: Johannesburg (TMSA); 12 mi E Pretoria (TMSA). Northern Province: 2 km S Pietersburg (PSC); Blouberg MR (PSC). Mpumalanga: Groenfontein [25°25S-29°20E] (NCI). KwaZulu/Natal: Empandeni (NCI).

ARMIGERA Chaudoir, in Dokhtouroff, 1883: 8.

Nomen nudum.

Junior synonym of Cosmema alboclavata; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Junior synonym of Cosmema furcata; Horn 1897d: 62.

Junior synonym of Dromica furcata, Horn 1926a: 92, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 153..

TYPE LOCALITY. Kuriman (Döbler 1973: 359).

TYPE SPECIMENS. “1 Syntypus” (DEI).

REMARKS. Synonymy with D. furcata was established by Horn (1897d: “Cosmema armigera D. ist das d von C. furcata Boh.”).

ASPERA Chaudoir, in Dokhtouroff, 1883: 8.

Nomen nudum.

Junior synonym of Cosmema alboclavata; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Dromica aspera Dokhtouroff; Horn 1926a: 91, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 151.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Cap. bon. spei” (Dôbler 1973: 359).

TYPE SPECIMENS. 1 “Syntypus” 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Wer ner & Wiesner 1994, fig. 23; Werner 2000a, colour figs 129.1, 129.2, 129.3, 129.4); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 6); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 66). DISTRIBUTION. Namibia. Omaheke: Gobabis: Ulthoy [22°52S-19°46E] (SMWN); Gobabis: Oestenwald [21°52S-19°58E] (FCC, SMWN); Gobabis: Eava [22°96S-18°56E] (SMWN). Okavango: Khaudom GR [18°29S-20°56E] (Werner & Wiesner 1994; SMWN). Otjozondjupa: Hereroland-West [20°31S-17°29E] (Werner 2000a; JWC). Botswana. East: Palapye (TMSA). Zimbabwe. Manicaland: Umtali [=Mutare] (TMSA). Matabeleland South: 20 km W Gwanda (Werner 2000a; KWC). South Africa. Cape Province (Werner 2000; DEI). Northern Cape: Kimberley (Péringuey 1893, sub Cosmema lateralis: see Horn 1897d). Free State: Orange Free State (Werner 2000a; MRAC).

REMARKS. A puzzling misinterpreted species, just mentioned by Dokhtouroff (1883), as referred to Chaudoir i.l., while describing alboclavata. The insect that Péringuey (1896) later considered to be aspera was in reality a form of coarctata (Werner 1999), and moreover both granulata Dohtouroff, 1883, and foveolata Péringuey, 1888, which have been considered to be synonymous with aspera (Wiesner 1992), are in my own opinion distinct full species. So none of these names appears to be

38 CASSOLA

available for designating the species named aspera by Chaudoir (1.1) and Dokhtouroff (nomen nudum). Examination of a so-called “syntype” (a female specimen labelled “Cap bon. Spei”) and a male specimen labelled “ex cab. Schaum, coll. V. de Poll”, in DEI collection, showed aspera to be a valid species, still in need to be described. On the contrary, Péringuey’s (1898) statement, that because the species he had called /ateralis had turned out to be “identical with Chaud. type bearing the unpublished name of C. aspera” (Horn 1897d) it should be named aspera Pér., would seem to be incorrect.

ASPERA Péringuey, 1896

Cosmema aspera Péringuey, 1896: 111.

Dromica coarctata aspera, XIII. Gruppe “coarctata”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Dromica coarctata var. aspera; Horn 1940: 275.

Dromica coarctata aspera; Wiesner 1992: 66 (“neuer Name erforderlich”).

Dromica coarctata kehmiini, Werner 1999: 16 (substitution name), Werner 2000a: 158. TYPE LOCALITY. “Cape Colony (Graaf-Reinet)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. 1 9 (SAM).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 19, fig. 5).

AUROPUNCTATA Quedenfeldt, 1883

Dromica (Cosmema) auropunctata Quedenfeldt, 1883: 249.

Cosmema auropunctata; Fleutiaux 1892: 37, Horn 1908a: 31.

Dromica auropunctata, XV. Gruppe “‘transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94. Dromica auropunctata; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 174.

Foveodromica auropunctata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Malange”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Nur ein 2” ( ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 163); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 13); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 114).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Chiyaka (Wellman & Horn 1908). Chipeyo (Wellman & Horn 1908). Benguela: Benguela (Ferreira 1965). Malanje: Malanje (Quedenfeldt 1883; Ferreira 1965). Bié: “Plateau/von Bihé; coll. Ehlers/V.de Poll” (DEI). Huila: Tchivinguire (Werner 2000a; FCC); Bimbi [=Bimbe?] (Horn 1935b; Ferreira 1965).

BASILEWSKYI Cassola, 1978

Dromica basilewskyi Cassola, 1978a: 88.

Dromica basilewskyi, Wiesner 1992: 63.

Junior synonym of Bennigsenium insperatum Kolbe, 1915; Cassola in Werner 1993b: 16; Werner 2000b: 20.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Ethiopia, Sidamo prov.: 40 km SW of Dua Parma River 1050 m”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (MRAC!); allotype 9 (MRAC!); 1 & (FCC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola 1978a, p. 89, fig. 7).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 39

BATESI W. Horn, 1900

Myrmecoptera Batesi Horn, 1900b: 363.

Dromica Batesi, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica batesi, Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 136.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Stony Athi (Africa orient. Britann.- Le Gros collegit)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 3” (DEI!; Döbler 1973: “Syntypus”).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 104, 104.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 60).

DISTRIBUTION. Kenya. Rift Valley: Naivasha (NMN). Nairobi: Stony Athi (Horn 1900a; Werner 1993a; BMNH, DEI). Eastern: Kibwezi [Nairobi-Mombasa rd] (DEI, FCC); Kiboko (FCC). Coast: Mwalewa Forest nr Lunga-Lunga (FCC, NMN); Shimba Hills (JWC); lower Tana-Sabaki (DEI). Tanzania. “Trockenwald” nr. Mtotohovu (Horn 1921; DEI); Kwakiyembe (DEI). Mara: Longido (Basilewsky 1962a; Werner 2000a; MRAC). Arusha: Meru-Niederung: Ngare na nynki (Horn 1910a; DEI, MRAC). Kilimanjaro: Moshi (Basilewsky 1962a; MRAC); Kilimandjaro: lower zone (Horn 1910a; DEI, FCC, MRAC); Same (Werner 2000a). Tanga: Usambara (Horn 1910a; DEI, MRAC); Usambara: Neu Bethel (DEI, KWC) Handeni: Makinda (FCC, VTC). Tabora: Kilulu [Kululu?: 6°31S-33°04E] (DED).

REMARKS. The smaller size and the finer pronotal sculpture easily distinguish batesi from schaumi.

However, the whole batesi-schaumi-egregia group, with all related species, should be deeply reviewed.

BENNIGSENI W. Horn, 1896

Myrmecoptera Bennigseni Horn, 1896a: 58.

Dromica Bennigseni, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica bennigseni; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 123.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Ost-Afrika ...”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!); 1 d, “Syntypus” (?) (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1910b, pl. 10, fig. 11; Werner 2000a, colour figs 93.1, 93a, 93a.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, fig. 6); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 87).

DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. “Deutsch-Ost Afrika” (Horn 1896a; DEI). Lindi: Lindi (Horn 1909a, ssp. angustata; Werner 2000a; MRAC). Malawi. Central: Dzalanyama FR [SW of Lilongwe] (Werner & Dudley 1998); Dedza FR (Werner & Dudley 1998). South: Zomba FR (Werner & Dudley 1998); Malosa Mt. (Werner & Dudley 1998). |

REMARKS. Slightly dilated instead of filiform antennae would separe this species from the closely allied peringueyi. Male aedeagi are almost identical in both species. However, too few specimens are known so far. The supposed ssp. crassereducta is herein considered to deserve a full specific status.

BERTINAE W. Horn, 1926 Dromica albivittis Bertinaae Horn, 1926a: 85.

Incorrect subsequent emendation, pro bertinae Dohrn, 1891.

BERTINAE C. A. Dohrn, 1891 Dromica Bertinae Dohrn, 1891: 384. Junior synonym of Cosmema albivittis?; Péringuey 1893: 96.

40 CASSOLA

Junior synonym of Dromica albivittis; Horn 1896d: 168, Horn 1926a: 85, Basilewsky 1957: 470, Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 100.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica albivittis? (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype d (PASW? NHMS?).

REMARKS. Synonymy with albivittis is taken here under all reservations, as two much different species appear to be involved under albivittis, and bertinae could well prove to be the second species. See discussion above (under albivittis).

BERTOLONII Thomson, 1856 Myrmecoptera Bertolonii Thomson, 1856: 482.

Myrmecoptera Bertolonii, Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Dromica Bertolonii, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”, Untergruppe “Bertolonii-nobilitata”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica bertolonii, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 118.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mozambique”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “Cinq individus” (MNHN? BMNH?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Bertoloni 1858, fig. 2, D. rugosa; Werner 2000a, colour figs 87.1, 87.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 22, fig. 8); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 96).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Northern: Shilouvane (MRAC, NCI); Kruger NP (MRAC). Mozambique. Mozambique (DEI). Gaza: Gazaland (Werner 2000a; TMSA). Inhambane: “In ripis fluminis Magnarra” (Bertoloni 1858, sub D. rugosa); Leonzwane [23°24S-35°06E] (FCC, MSNC); Nhambuica (DEI, FCC). Maputo: Massinga [26°11S-32°19E] (MSNC); Tembé (Junod 1899); Antioka (Junod 1899). Nampula: Mokambo Bay (DEI); Moçambique (Thomson 1856).

REMARKS. Werner (2000, fig. 87.2) quotes a male specimen in DEI, labelled “Mok...”, as the species’ type specimen. However, Thomson’s original type specimen should be in the MNHN collection (Horn & Kahle 1935-37), and moreover the DEI specimen was not considered by Döbler (1973) as a type specimen. Such a specimen, instead, is the type specimen of rugosa (see below).

BERTOLONII Péringuey, 1893 “Myrmecoptera Bertolonii Thoms.”: Péringuey, 1893: 68.

Junior synonym of Dromica Bertolonii fossulata, Horn 1926a: 88, Basilewsky 1953: 191. Junior synonym of Dromica bertolonii fossulata; Wiesner 1992: 63. Dromica bertolonii bertolonii, Werner 2000a: 118.

BICOSTATA W. Horn, 1914

Dromica bicostata Horn, 1914a: 8.

Dromica bicostata, III. Gruppe “bicostata-octocostata”; Horn 1926a: 85.

Dromica bicostata; Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 100.

Pseudodromica? bicostata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Süd-Angola (Ertl)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 6” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 9, fig. 2; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 66); aedeagus (Cassola,

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 41

this paper, fig. 108).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Cunene?: “Süd-Angola” (Horn 1914a; DEI); “Sul da Provincia de Angola” (Ferreira 1965).

REMARKS. The single holotype specimen only is known so far (Cassola 1980a). Attribution of bicostata to the genus Pseudodromica is here proposed tentatively only as the shape of aedeagus would seem to place it in a different group

BICOSTULATA W. Horn, 1914 Dromica bicostulata Horn, 1914a: 9.

Dromica bicostulata, II. Gruppe “tricostata”; Horn 1926a: 85.

Dromica bicostulata; Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 99.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Bailundo (Angola: Ertl)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 14, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 64). DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Huambo: Bailundo (Horn 1914a; Ferreira 1965; DEI). REMARKS. The single holotype female specimen only is known so far (Cassola 1980a).

BILUNATA C. H. Dohrn, 1883 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) bilunata Dohrn, 1883: 278. Myrmecoptera bilunulata (sic!); Fleutiaux 1892: 36.

Myrmecoptera bi-lunata; Péringuey 1893: 66.

Dromica bilunata, VI. Gruppe “bilunata”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica bilunata; Basilewsky 1957: 473, Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 137.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Zambese”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number and depository unknown (not in PASW; NHMS?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 107, 107.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 91). DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. “Country between Limpopo and Zambeze...Zambeze River” (Péringuey 1893); Lomagundi (MRAC). Mashonaland West: Kariba (TMSA). Mashonaland Central: Muurwi (Werner 2000a; KWC). Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (FCC, MRAC, NCI, TMSA). Midlands: Chivhu: The Range (FCC, KWC); Gweru: Nalatale Ruins (FCC). Manicaland: N Rusape (FCC, JWC, KWC); Mutare nr Dorowa (FCC). |

REMARKS. Horn (1903a) described a ssp. prolongata from “Gazaland” (Zimbabwe?), based on specimens collected by G.A.K. Marshall on the Inyanyadzi River. However, the much longer, straighter male aedeagus, as well as the longer apical part of the elytra behind the discal spot, clearly indicate prolongata to be a distinct species, other than bi/unata, and moreover belonging to a different species group (see below).

BISBICARINATA Chaudoir, 1864 Dromica bis-bicarinata Chaudoir, 1864: 10. Dromica bisbicarinata; Fleutiaux 1892: 34.

Junior synonym of Dromica sculpturata; Péringuey 1893: 76. Junior synonym of Dromica clathrata sculpturata, Horn 1926a: 86, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 106.

42 CASSOLA

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica sculpturata (comb. n.). TYPE LOCALITY. “Du territoire des Zoulous”. TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given (“les deux sexes”) (MNHN).

BORANA Cassola, 1978

Dromica borana Cassola, 1978a: 91.

Dromica borana; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 128.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Sidamo Prov.: 30 km NE of Yavello, 1600-1800 m”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Cassola 1978a, fig. 8; Werner 2000a, fig. 96, colour picture of holotype). DISTRIBUTION. Ethiopia. Sidamo: 30 km NE Yavello (Cassola 1978a; Werner 2000a; MRAC). REMARKS. Werner (1993b) described a ssp. oesterlei from another south Ethiopian locality (Arba Minch). However, by reason of its differently shaped, non-dilated antennae, I provisorily consider oesterlei to be a distinct species, other than borana. The whole batesi-schaumi-egregia group, with all related species, would need to be deeply reviewed.

BOUVIERI Babault, 1921

Myrmecoptera Bouvieri Babault, 1921: 13.

Cicindela bouvieri, Horn 1926a: 155.

?Euryarthron bouvieri, Wiesner 1992: 60.

Euryarthron bouvieri, Cassola in Werner 1993a: 58, Werner 2000a: 95.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Thika River (British East Africa)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. 1 £ (MNHN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Babault 1921, fig. 5; Werner 2000a, fig. 56, colour picture of holotype).

BREVINUDA W. Horn, 1907

Dromica (Myrm.) tarsalis brevinuda Horn, 1907: 332.

Junior synonym of Dromica egregia tarsalis; Horn 1926a: 88, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 125. TYPE LOCALITY. “Kigonsera (D.O. Afrika ...)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 “Syntypus” (DEI: Dobler 1973).

BREVIPENNIS Péringuey, 1893

Cosmema brevipennis Péringuey, 1893: 87.

Junior synonym of Cosmema elegantula; Péringuey 1896: 112.

Junior synonym of Dromica elegantula; Horn 1926a: 94, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 179. TyPE LOCALITY. “Natal (Pietermaritzburg)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Some “syntypes” in SAM, with different label locality: “Natal, Malvern” (Cochrane 1993: 257),

BRZOSKAI Cassola, this paper

Dromica brzoskai Cassola, this paper. TYPE LOCALITY. “South Africa (Northern Province): 34 km E Tshipise”. TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 4 (SMUK!); allotype 2 (DWBC!); 1 4,2 8 2 (DWBC!); 1 3 (FCC!);

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 43

IFÉFECT;:

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus, elytra (Cassola, this paper, figs 129-133)

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Northern Province: env. of Tshipise (34 & 46.3 km E) (DWBC, FCC, SMUK); Messina NR (PSC, TMSA).

CARINULATA Chaudoir, 1860

Dromica carinulata Chaudoir, 1860: 306.

Dromica carinulata; Chaudoir 1864: 39, Fleutiaux 1892: 34. Dromica tuberculata var. carinulata; Péringuey 1893: 78.

Dromica tuberculata carinulata, III. Gruppe “bicostata-octocostata”; Horn 1926a: 85.

Dromica tuberculata var. carinulata; Horn 1940: 276.

Dromica tuberculata carinulata; Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 101.

Pseudodromica tuberculata carinulata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat ad Portum Natalensem”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Je ne connaissais alors que le mâle” (Chaudoir 1864). MNHN?

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 67a, 67a.1, 67a.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 2e 2),

REMARKS. Until better information on the species’ geographical variability will be available, I consider here acuminata and immaculata to merely be individual variations of carinulata, with no subspecific importance.

CITREOGUTTATA Chaudoir, 1864 Dromica (Cosmema) citreoguttata Chaudoir, 1864: 41.

Cosmema citreoguttata; Fleutiaux 1892: 36.

Cosmema citreo-guttata; Péringuey 1893: 85.

Dromica citreoguttata, XVI. Gruppe “sexmaculata-Helleri”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica citreoguttata, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 183.

TYPE LOCALITY. “... du pays des Zoulous”.

TYPE SPECIMENS: “trois individus...” (MNHN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Péringuey 1893, pl. 2, fig. 6, sub sexmaculata; Werner 2000a, colour figs 185, 185.1, 185.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 17; pl. 23, fig. 7, sub “var. sexmaculata Per.”); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 36); habitat (Cassola, this paper, fig. 139).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. “Transvaal” (DEI). Swandini NR (ACBRI). Elandshoek (NCI). North- West: Potchefstroom (Péringuey 1893, sub Cosmema sexmaculata Chd.; DEI). Northern Province: Tzaneen (TMSA); 15 km E Klaserie: Guernsey Farm (HFHC); Kruger NP: Pafuri (HFHC). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (Péringuey 1893, sub Cosmema sexmaculata Chd.); Waterval Boven: Elands River (FCC); De Kuilen [25°10S-30°32E] (NCI); Berlin Gorge [25°32S-30°44E] (TMSA); Barberton (Werner 2000a; DEI, NCI], MRAC, TMSA); 8 km SE Barberton on Bulembu rd (FCC, KWC, PSC); Three Sisters [20 km SW Kaapmuiden] (Werner 2000a; DEI, FCC, TMSA); Kaapmuiden (HFHC); 5 km E Jambila [25°48S-30°53E] (FCC, TMSA); Marieps Mtn., Mariepskop (TMSA); White River: Lichtfontein Farm (FCC, TMSA); Nelshoogte: Knuckles grassland [25°47S- 30°49E] (FCC); Uitsoek [25°15S-30°34E] (FCC, TMSA); Badplaas [26°08S-30°38E] (FCC, MCZR); Mariepskop: Welgevonden Forest [24°52S-30°34E] (FCC, NCI). KwaZulu/Natal: Zululand

44 CASSOLA

(Chaudoir 1864); Estcourt (Péringuey 1896; FCC, NCI); Tugela River (Péringuey 1896); Tugela Ferry (TMSA). Mozambique. Maputo: Delagoa Bay [=Maputo] (Péringuey 1893, sub Cosmema sexmaculata Chd.).

REMARKS. The geographical distributions of citreoguttata and allied species have been recently determined by Cassola et al. (2000).

CLATHRATA Klug, 1834 Dromica clathrata Klug, 1834: 40.

Dromica clathrata; Fleutiaux 1892: 34.

Dromica clathrata, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauch11”; Horn 1926a: 86.

Dromica clathrata, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 105.

Pseudodromica clathrata (comb. n.)

Type-species of the genus Pseudodromica nov..

TYPE LOCALITY. “...in Süd-Afrika zu Hause”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “Beide Geschlechter” (ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 73, 73.1, 73.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 21, figs 4, 5); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 115); larva (Arndt 1998, figs 13, 14, 15); habitat (Cassola, this paper, fig. 139).

DISTRIBUTION. “Afrique int. S.E.” (MRSN). Botswana: “Bechuanaland” (MRAC); Lake N°Gami (Péringuey 1893). South Africa. Weyneck (TMSA). Rooipoort (TMSA). Rooiplat (TMSA). Bedford Ridge (TMSA). “Zusterstr.” (TMSA). Northern Cape: Rietfontein (TMSA). Free State: Ventersburg (TMSA); Bothaville (TMSA); Demetsdorp (TMSA); Boshof (NMBSA); 10 km N Viljoenskroon (FCC); Linokana (JPC, IWC, KWC); Sand River Mt. [24°32S-27°39E] (DLPC); Christiana (Wallengren 1881; MRAC); Krugersdrifdam (HFHC); Reddersburg (TMSA). North-West: Potchefstroom (Péringuey 1893); De la Rey (TMSA); Klerksdorp (Péringuey 1893); Pilanesberg [25°15S-27°13E] (EAC); Rustenburg (Horn 1907; BMNH, MRAC); Lichtenburg (TMSA); Schoemansville [25°46S-27°53E] (FCC, TMSA); “Buffelsh.” [probably Buffelspoort, 25°48S- 27°29E] (TMSA). Gauteng: Johannesburg (FCC, TMSA); Boksburg (Péringuey 1893); Pretoria (BMNH, FCC, TMSA); Rosslyn [suburb of Pretoria} (TMSA); Walhalla [=Valhalla, suburb of Pretoria?] (TMSA); Muldersdrift [nr Johannesburg, 26°05S-27°55E] (TMSA); Saltpan [nr Pretoria’, 25°30S-28°15E] (MRAC).. Northern Province: Haenertsburg (Horn 1907); near Warmbath (K WC); Warmbaths (FCC); Zoutpan (FCC); Pienars (FCC); Waterberg (Wallengren 1881); Thabazimbi (Werner 2000a; K WC); Chilovane (TMSA); Pienaars River (TMSA); Pietersburg (TMSA); Zoutpan (TMSA). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (FCC, TMSA); Lydenburg: 10 km to Ohrigstad (K WC); Barberton (BMNH, FCC, KWC, PSC); Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S-30°31E] (TMSA); Waterval (TMSA; Horn 1907); Ermelo (TMSA). KwaZulu/Natal: “Natal” (MRAC); Elandskraal (TMSA); Port Natal (Bréme 1844, sub D. gigantea). Lesotho: Basutoland: Mamates (Werner 2000a; MRAC); Malealea: Makhaleng River (Wiesner 2001). Mozambique. “Mozambique” (JWC). Maputo: Delagoa Bay [=Maputo] (Péringuey 1893).

REMARKS. Re-described by Boheman (1848). Relationship with sculpturata was discussed by Horn (1907). Larger size, different elytral sculpture, and enlarged vs. filiform antennae, would suggest specific separation. Moreover, the labrum of clathrata males is black with a yellow longitudinal stripe. Synonymy of gigantea is given here below just based on Horn’s authority (1910b, 1926a), but it has to be recalled that Chaudoir (1864) had excluded conspecificity.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 45

clathrata Chaudoir, 1864

Dromica clathrata Chaudoir, 1864: 8

Junior synonym of Dromica quinquecostata; Horn 1896b: 353, Horn 1926a: 86, Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 103.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica quinquecostata (comb. n.).

COARCTATA Dejean, 1826 Dromica Coarctata Dejean, 1826: 435.

Type-species of the genus Dromica Dejean, 1826.

Cosmema coarctata; Fleutiaux 1892: 37, Péringuey 1893: 91, Péringuey 1896: 112.

Dromica coarctata, XIII. Gruppe “coarctata”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica coarctata, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 157.

TYPE LOCALITY. “...cap de Bonne-Esperance”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included (MNHN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 138, 138.1, 138.2); left elytron (Horn 1922, p. 95, figs 5, 7; Horn 1940, pl. 19, figs 4, 5); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 29).

DISTRIBUTION. Botswana. Kalahari (Wiesner 1992). South Africa. “Cap de Bonne-Esperance” (Dejean 1826; Chaudoir 1864). Eastern Cape: Graaff-Reinet (Péringuey 1896, sub Cosmema aspera), Sunday’s River nr Graaff-Reinet (Péringuey 1893; TMSA, FCC); Sunday River (Péringuey 1893, sub Cosmema hamata), Blue Cliff (Werner 2000a); Port Elizabeth (Péringuey 1893); Grahamstown (Péringuey 1893; Werner 2000a; FCC, MRAC, NCI, TMSA); “Grah. I, Grah. Ton” (Dobler 1973, sub hamata); Bathurst (Péringuey 1893); Algoa Bay [33°58S-25°35E] (FCC, TMSA); Somerset East (Werner 2000a, ssp. kehmiini; CIC); Queenstown (FCC); Mountain Zebra NP (CIC); Vosloo Kudu R. [Andries Vosloo Koedoe NR] (CIC); Zuurberg [Suurberg, 33°15S-25°30E] (CIC); Dunbrody [33°28S-25°33E] (MRAC, NCI); Kirwood, 20 km W Paterson (FCC). Lesotho. Basutholand (FCC).

REMARKS. Type species of genus Dromica, by Dejean’s (1826) original designation. However, Dejean never formally described such a genus, just providing a description of this species instead.

COARCTATA Latreille & Dejean, 1822

Nomen nudum.

Cicindela coarctata Latreille & Dejean, 1822: 37, t. 1, f. 5.

REMARKS. This species was fully described by Dejean (1826) only, to whom authorship has therefore to be recognized.

COMPLETA W. Horn, 1901

Myrmecoptera polyhirmoides var. completa Horn, 1901: 123.

“Compl-F” of Dromica polyhirmoides, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87. Junior synonym of Dromica polyhirmoides; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 109. Junior synonym of Pseudodromica polyhirmoides (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Umtali “.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included (ZMB?).

46 CASSOLA

CONCINNA Péringuey, 1904

Dromica (Cosmema) concinna Péringuey, 1904: 448.

Dromica concinna, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Cosmema transitoria concinna; Horn 1935a: 103.

Dromica concinna; Horn 1940: 275, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 166.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Low Country of Pietersburg, not far from Leydsdorp, near the Swiss Mission Station of Shilouvane”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “3d 2”: 1 & (SAM); 1 2 (SAM!; Cochrane 1995).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 150, 150.1, 150.2, 150.3); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 20, fig. 6); aedeagus (Horn 1935, fig. 1); habitat (Werner 2000a, figs 134.3, 150.4). DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Matabeleland North: Bulawayo (DEI). South Africa. Swandini NR (ACBRI). North-West: Platrivier [25°10S-28°05E] (TMSA). Northern Province: Shilouvane nr Leydsdorp (Péringuey 1904, Werner 2000a; FCC, MRAC, NCI, SAM, TMSA); Chilovane (FCC); 15 km E Klaserie: Guernsey Farm (FCC, HFHC); Waterberg: Geelhoutbosch Farm (Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC); Thabazimbi (Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC); Ofcolaco: Makhutswe River (Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC); Zoutpansberg: Thabina (TMSA). KwaZulu/Natal: Mkuzi GR: Mantuma Camp [27°38S-32°13E] (DWBC); Hluhluwe GR: 5 km S Hilltop Camp [28°08S-32°06E] (DWBC). REMARKS. Until better information, because of important differences in elytral puncturation, concinna and transitoria are here considered to be two distinct species. A similar species, schuelei nov., has a distinctly shorter pronotum.

CONFLUENTESCULPTA W. Horn, 1913

Dromica (Cosmema) confluentesculpta Horn, 1913: 275.

Dromica confluentesculpta, XII. Gruppe “furcata-alboclavata”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica confluentesculpta; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 156.

TYPE LOCALITY. “1 dé, Kapoya ...; 1 ©, Tekanini”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. 1 ¢ (MRAC!); 1 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 136).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Kapoya (Horn 1913; Burgeon 1937; Werner 2000a; MRAC); Tekanini (Horn 1913; Burgeon 1937; DEI).

REMARKS. Just the two type specimens are known so far in all. A further description was subsequently provided by Horn (1935a). However, the taxonomic place of this distinctive species is still unclear, as its unusual elytral sculpture (with three longitudinal, slightly oblique, depressions on each elytron) would seem to exclude any relation with the “coarctata-marginella” group. Male genitalia have not been examined.

CONFUSA Cassola, 1986

Dromica confusa Cassola, 1986b: 340.

Dromica confusa; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 142.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Shaba: Zilo, Kanzenze. Uganda: Mbale”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 4 (MRAC!); allotype 2 (MRAC!); 1 6,2 22 (DEI');8 63,10 22 (FCC!); 1 2 IWC!);.1 2 (KWCN; 11 6 6, 10 2 8 (MRAC!); 1 6, 1 2 (VAC).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 115).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 47

DISTRIBUTION. Uganda. E/gon: Mbale (Cassola 1986b; NMN). D. R. Congo. Shaba: Kanzenze (Cassola 1986b; Werner 2000a; FCC, MRAC, PSC, VAC); Zilo (Cassola 1986b; Werner 20004; FCC, JWC, KWC, MRAC, VAC); Kinda (Cassola 1986b; MRAC).

CONNEXA Péringuey, 1893

Cosmema connexa Péringuey, 1893: 90.

Junior synonym of Cosmema alboclavata; Horn 1897d: 62, Péringuey 1898: 308.

Junior synonym of Dromica alboclavata; Horn 1926a: 92, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 155. Dromica connexa (b. sp.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Natal (Frere)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “possible syntypes” (SAM; Cochrane 1995); 6 syntypes (DEI!; Döbler 1973). DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. KwaZulu/Natal: Frere (Péringuey 1893; SAM, DEI); Estcourt (Cochrane 1995). “Moromanga, Malagasy Rep.” (FCC: erroneous label data!).

REMARKS. Synonymy with alboclavata was established by Horn (1897d: “Cosm. connexa Per. (C. marginella Chd.) ist = C. alboclavata D.”). In contrast, possibly a distinct full species. Until recently, I supposed connexa to be the species which has been recently described under the name of endroedyi. However, the whole group of marginella should definitely be deeply reviewed, based on examination of type specimens and of large, recent, well-labeled material.

CONSIMILIS Bertoloni, 1858 Dromica limbata var. consimilis Bertoloni, 1858: 311.

Junior synonym of Dromica Saundersi, Horn 1926a: 90.

Dromica consimilis, Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 141.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mozambico”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. | & (MZUB?: not mentioned by Tommasini & Marini 1988).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Junod 1899, pl. V, fig. 1, sub Myrmecoptera limbata; Werner 2000a, colour figs 113, 113.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 88); live specimens (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 113.3; Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 155); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 113.2).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Northern Province: Tzaneen, 63 km S of (BVNC); Makhutswe River: Ofcolaco (K WC); Klaserie (K WC); 15 km E Klaserie: Guernsey Farm (ACBRI, FCC); Leydsdorp (TMSA); Shilouvane nr Leydsdorp (FCC, MRAC); Gravelotte (TMSA); Zoutpansberg (DEI, NCI); Louis Trichardt: Ben Lavin NR (Werner 2000); Hans Merensky NR [23°42S-30°44E] (Werner 2000a; CIC, FCC, KWC, NCI). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (FCC, TMSA); Kruger NP: Pumbe Sands (FCC, TMSA); Kruger NP: Skukuza (FCC, TMSA); Kruger NP: Skukuza-Malelaan (NCI); Kruger NP: Lebombo Mt. [25°10S-32°02E] (FCC); Kruger NP: Punda Maria at Mahonie Loop [22°40S- 30°59.8E] (DWBC). KwaZulu/Natal: Hluhluwe (FCC, TMSA); St. Lucia (TMSA); Sodwana Bay (CIC); Maputa (TMSA); Manguzi River nr Maputa (TMSA); Mkuzi GR (CMNH, FCC, KWC, NCI, PSC); Ndumu GR (HFHC, NCI, VTC). Mozambique. Gaza: Gazaland (DEI). Maputo: Delagoa Bay [=Maputo] (Chaudoir 1865, M. saundersii, DEI); Tembé (Junod 1899, sub “Myrmecoptera Saundersonii’; MRAC).

REMARKS. Synonimy of consimilis and saundersii was established by Horn (1904a, 1910b, 1926a), who nevertheless maintained Chaudoir’s name for the species. I had already observed elsewhere (Cassola 1975) that, if such a synonymy will be confirmed, this species should be given Bertoloni’s

48 CASSOLA

name, which has obviously priority, instead of Chaudoir’s one, as Wiesner (1992) and Werner (2000a) have correctly done. A proper understanding of this species group, however, has still to be reached, as 2-3 different species at least appear to be involved in, due to the more or less dilated antennomeres 5-8, the shape of pronotum, the occurrence or lack of a humeral patch, and the fully black vs. partially testaceous labrum of females. Unfortunately, the location of the consimilis holotype specimen is unknown. Moreover, the above placing of several specimens (from Shilouvane, Zoutpansberg, Hluhluwe, Ndumu GR, Delagoa Bay and Gazaland) under consimilis has to be taken as provisional only, as these specimens exhibit similarly dilated antennomeres 5-8 as consimilis but a differently shaped, more raised, behind restricted pronotum. Elytral markings also may differ, as some specimens (for instance from the Kruger NP) have a humeral patch as well, similarly as filicornis. Relationship with specialis should also be investigated. A 2 specimen in BVNC, from Botswana (50 km E Palapye), also has slightly dilated antennae, but it is more recalling of filicornis, and it likely is one distinct new species.

CONVEXICOLLIS Peringuey, 1908

Dromica (Cosmema) convexicollis Peringuey, 1908: 271.

Dromica convexicollis, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94. Dromica convexicollis, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 180.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal (Zoutpansberg)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “dd” (SAM!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 179, 179.1); elytra, from behind (Horn 1935a, fig. 2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, figs 49-50).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. “Caffraria” (FCC). Northern Province: Zoutpansberg (Péringuey 1908; SAM); Shilouvane nr Leydsdorp (Werner 2000a; DEI, TMSA); Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S- 30°31E] (Werner 2000a; TMSA). Mpumalanga: Marieps Mt (FCC, TMSA); Three Sisters (FCC). KwaZulu/Natal: Loteni (CIC).

CORDICOLLIS Chaudoir, 1865

Dromica cordicollis Chaudoir, 1865: 53.

Cosmema cordicollis; Fleutiaux 1892: 36.

Dromica cordicollis, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica cordicollis; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 180.

TYPE LOCALITY. “...venant de Natal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Femelle” (MNHN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 180).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. KwaZulu/Natal: Natal (Chaudoir 1865; Werner 20004; MRAC); Zulu (BMNH, FCC); Estcourt (TMSA); Frere (FCC); 22 km W Magudu (PSC).

CORDICOLLIS Péringuey, 1893

Cosmema cordicollis Péringuey, 1893: 86. ‘a female example of Cosmema Gruti”; Péringuey 1893: 86. Junior synonym of Dromica sexmaculata, Horn 1926a: 94, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 182.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 49

COSTATA Peringuey, 1893 Myrmecoptera costata Péringuey, 1893: 69.

Dromica Bertolonii costata, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”, Untergruppe “Bertolonii-nobilitata”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica costata; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000: 121.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Marico and Potchefstroom (Transvaal)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Male unknown”; 1 2 (SAM; “the specimen bears no Péringueys type label, only a Hesse paratype label”: Cochrane 1995).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Péringuey 1893, pl. 2, fig. 6; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 90.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 23, fig. 4); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 97).

DISTRIBUTION. Botswana. Southern: Gaborone (CMNH, FCC). South Africa. “Cap Bon Spei” (DEI). North-West: Potchefstroom (Péringuey 1893; Werner 2000a; DEI); Marico (Péringuey 1893). REMARKS. The female specimen, from Shilouvane, pictured by Werner (2000a, fig. 90) is likely a quadricostata (m. horni) specimen.

CRASSEREDUCTA W. Horn, 1909 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Bennigseni crassereducta Horn, 1909a: 92.

Dromica Bennigseni crassereducta, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica bennigseni crassereducta; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 124.

Dromica crassereducta (b. sp.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Busi-Tal (Portug. Ostafrika)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 9” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 93b, 93b.1; Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 166); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, fig. 8); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 85).

DISTRIBUTION. Malawi. South: Mlanje [=Mulanje] (Werner & Dudley 1998; Werner 2000a; BMNH, FCC). Mozambique. Sofala: Busi River valley (Horn 1909a; Werner 2000a). Zambesia: Gilé NR [Reserva do Gili]: Nakalolo (FCC).

REMARKS. Important differences in body size, elytral markings and shape of aedeagus would suggest

to consider crassereducta a distinct species, instead of a subspecies of bennigseni.

CREBREPUNCTATA W. Horn, 1929

Dromica Strandi crebrepunctata Horn, 1909: 315.

Dromica strandi crebrepunctata; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 170.

Junior synonym of Foveodromica strandi (syn. n., comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “ad fluminen Kawa”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype $ (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 155a).

REMARKS. Until better information, crebrepunctata is here considered to be a junior synonym of strandi, as a subspecific status does not seem to have been sufficiently documented. However, future material may even show it to be a distinct species.

CRISTAGALLI W. Horn, 1935 Cosmema crista-galli Horn, 1935a: 101.

50 CASSOLA

Dromica cristagalli, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 179.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Port Grosvenor (Südost-Kap-Kolonie)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 177); elytra, from behind (Horn 1935a, fig. 3); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 52).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Eastern Cape: Port Grosvenor (Horn 1935a); Port St. Johns (TMSA); Port St Johns: Silaka [31°33S-29°30E] (Werner 2000a; FCC).

CUPRICOLLIS W. Horn, 1913 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Neumanni subsp. cupricollis Horn, 1913: 271.

Dromica egregia cupricollis, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica egregia cupricollis, Wiesner 1992: 63.

Dromica cupricollis; Werner & Dudley 1998: 584, Werner 2000a: 128.

TYPE LOCALITY. “pres Kiambi (village de Niemba Kunda), Tekanini, Mufungwa”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. 2 d d (DEI); 2 46,1 2 (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Burgeon 1937, pl. 1, fig. 8; Basilewsky 1951, pl. 6, fig. 9; Werner & Dudley 1998, fig. 7; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 95; Werner 2000a, colour figs 94d, 94d.1, sub D. egregia cupriscapularis; Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 165); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, fig. 14); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 64).

DISTRIBUTION. Central African Republic?. “Haute-Sangha” (Horn, in Burgeon 1937). D. R. Congo. Haut Zaire: River Duru (Cassola 1978b; MSNG); Garamba NP: Ndelele (Basilewsky 1962b, sub D. egregia neumanni, FCC, MRAC). Shaba: Elizabethville [=Lubumbashi] (Horn 1929a; Werner 2000a; ABC, CMNH, JPC, JWC, MRAC); Lubumbashi (MRAC, FCC); Tumbwe [35 km W Elisabethville] (Horn 1929a; MRAC); Jadotville [=Likasi] (MRAC); Kiambi: Kibimbi (Horn 1913; MRAC); Tekanini (Horn 1913; MRAC); Mufungwa (Horn 1913; MRAC); Kapiri (Horn 1914b; MRAC); Manono nr Mitwaba (MRAC); Mura (MRAC); Lualaba: Mutaka nr Karanda (MRAC); Tshibobe (Horn 1929a); Kiambi (Horn 1913); Madona-Bangweolo (Burgeon 1937; MRAC); La Kanda (Horn 1929a). Zambia. Northern: Chiengi: Lake Mweru (Brouerius van Nidek 1980, ssp. cupriscapularis; Werner 2000a; FCC, MRAC); Mweru-Wantipa (Brouerius van Nidek 1980, ssp. cupriscapularis; IRSNB); Abercorn [=Mbala] (Brouerius van Nidek 1980, ssp. cupriscapularis). Tanzania. Rukwa: Sumbawanga (MRAC). Ruvuma: Kigonsera (MCZR). Malawi. South: Zomba (Werner & Dudley 1998); Limbe (Werner & Dudley 1998). Mozambique (new country record!). Zambesia: Gilé NR [Reserva do Gili]: Nakalolo (FCC).

REMARKS. The poorly inflated labial palpi clearly separate cupricollis from all other related species. Together with g/obicollis and the carabid species Eccoptoptera cupricollis Chd., cupricollis is obviously a mymic of a female mutillid wasp (Burgeon 1937). It is interesting to notice that Burgeon (1937) recorded both cupricollis and elongatoplanata (sub neumanni) from a same locality (Madona-Bangweolo) at least, what seems to strengthen their concept of full distinct species. However, specimens from southern Congo should be carefully re-examined. From the few available data, cupricollis would result to be the northernmost known Dromica species, having been found in

the Garamba NP, thus approximately over 4° of latitude N.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 51

CUPRISCAPULARIS Brouerius van Nidek, 1980 Dromica egregia cupriscapularis Brouerius van Nidek, 1980: 134.

Dromica egregia cupriscapularis, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 127.

Dromica cupricollis cupriscapularis (comb.n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Zambia...Chiengi (Lake Mweru)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (MRAC!); allotype 2 (IRSNB!); 5 paratypes (MRAC!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 94d, 94d.1).

DEFLEXICOLLIS W. Horn, 1932

Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Erlangeri deflexicollis Horn, 1932a: 201. Dromica erlangeri deflexicollis; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 117. TYPE LOCALITY. “Marsabit et Kukal ... in Prov. Kenya”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 92”: 1 2 (BMNH!); 1 2 (DEI!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 85a).

DENSEPUNCTATA W. Horn, 1909 Dromica (Cosmema) densepunctata Horn, 1909d: 101.

Dromica densepunctata, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94. Dromica densepunctata; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 169.

Foveodromica densepunctata (comb. n.)

TYPE LOCALITY. “Serenje District (N.O.-Rhodesia)...S.O.-Katanga”]

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 9 2”: 1 9 (BMNH!); 1 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 153, 153.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 110).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: SE Katanga (Horn 1929d; BMNH); Elisabethville [=Lubumbashi] (Burgeon 1937; MRAC, BMNH); Lubumbashi (Werner 2000a; MRAC, FCC); Jadotville [=Likasi] (MRAC); Luashi (FCC); Mitwaoua (FCC). Zambia. North-Western: Kashitu, N of Broken Hill (BMNH); Solwezi distr. [26°20E-12°10S] (BMNH); Solwezi (Werner 2000a). Central: Serenje (Horn 1909d; DEI). Eastern: Kasanka NP Waka Camp [12°30S-30°15E] (NCI). REMARKS. Wiesner (1992), followed by Werner (2000), recorded this species from Zimbabwe as well (“NO Zimbabwe”). However, the type locality clearly refers to present-day Zambia instead.

DIFFERENS Cassola, 1986

Dromica differens Cassola, 1986b: 344.

Dromica differens, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 147.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Shaba (Lulua): Kapanga”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 6 (MRAC!); allotype 2 (MRAC!); 1 paratype (DEI!); 9 paratypes (FCC!); 1 2 (JWC!); 1 d (KWC!); 26 paratypes (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 123, 123.1).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Tshibalaka, riv. Luiza, Kaongwesi (Cassola 1986b; FCC, MRAC); riv. Kalani, Tshibamba, Lomami: Kamina (Cassola 1986b; MRAC); Sandoa (Cassola 1986b; FCC, MRAC); Kapanga, Riv. Kapelekese (Cassola 1986b, Werner 2000; FCC, MRAC); Mayaka: riv. Kahangaepi (FCC, IRSNB); Lomami: Kaniama? (Cassola 1986b; MRAC); Kasaji:

52 CASSOLA

Dilolo? (Cassola 1986b; MRAC).

DILACERATA W. Horn, 1931 Myrmecoptera nigroplagiata subsp. dilacerata Horn, 1931: 345.

Dromica nigroplagiata dilacerata; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 147.

TYPE LOCALITY. “SW-Katanga (Sandoa am Oberen Lulua)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included; 7 syntypes (DEI!), 15 syntypes (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Burgeon 1937, p. 17; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 122a).

DISCOIDALIS W. Horn, 1897

. Cosmema discoidalis Horn, 1897b: 237.

Dromica discoidalis, X. Gruppe “laticollis-ramigera”; Horn 1926a: 91.

Dromica discoidalis; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 150.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1910b, pl. 11, fig. 1, colour drawing; Werner 2000a, colour figs 127, 27:1). |

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Mpumalanga: Komatipoort (Horn 1897b; Werner 2000a; DEI). KwaZulu/Natal: Mkuzi (Werner 2000a; TMSA).

REMARKS. Two female specimens only are apparently known so far. Shape of elytra and elytral markings would suggest to tenatively place this species near /aticollis.

DISSEPTA Péringuey, 1896 Myrmecoptera dissepta Péringuey, 1896: 116.

Dromica polyhirmoides dissepta, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica polyhirmoides dissepta, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 110.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica polyhirmoides (comb. n., syn. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Zambesia (Umfuli River)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Male unknown”: 1 9, “syntype” (SAM; “the specimen bears no Péringuey type label, only a Hesse paratype label”: Cochrane 1995).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 79b, 79b.1, 79b.2).

REMARKS. Until better information this form is herein considered to be merely a junior synonym.

DOLOSA Péringuey, 1894 Cosmema dolosa Péringuey, 1894: 452.

Dromica dolosa, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica dolosa; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 167.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashunaland (Salisbury)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included; 1 & (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 151, 151.1, 151.2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 105).

DISTRIBUTION. Zambia. Kafue River (Werner 2000a; FCC, K WC); Mazabuka [SW of Lusaka] (FCC,

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 53

KWC; Werner 2000a). Malawi. Central: Chikala FR [Nkatha Bay] (Werner & Dudley 1998). South: Malosa Mt. [=Malasa, 15°15S-35°18E] (Werner & Dudley 1998); Mulanje Mt. (Werner & Dudley 1998); Mulanje (MRAC). Zimbabwe. Mashonaland West?: Zambesia (DEI); Mashuna (DEI, MNHN). Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Péringuey 1894, 1896; MNHN, TMSA). Manicaland: Mt. Chirinda (Horn 1903a). Masvingo: Lake Mutirikwi (Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC). Mozambique. Sofala: Salone f. Marromeu (Mandl 1963). South Africa. Natal (Werner 2000a). REMARKS. Re-described by Horn (1935a). A puzzling species, whose taxonomic placement is far from being clear. Despite a certain similarity with traducens and allied species, the poorly inflated labial palpi and the short, bulky aedeagus do not fit such a group.

EGREGIA Germar, 1843 Myrmecoptera egregia Germar, 1843: t. 124, fig. 2.

Type-species of the genus Myrmecoptera Germar.

Myrmecoptera egregia; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Dromica egregia, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica egregia, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 124.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat in Africa intermedia (Fesogl.)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype 9 (ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Germar 1843, pl. 124, fig. 1 [sic!, but fig. 2]; Werner 2000a, fig. 94, colour picture of holotype). |

DISTRIBUTION. Sudan? Zambia”?

REMARKS. It is ironic that one of the first described Dromica species and the type species of genus Myrmecoptera is still one of the least known species. As a matter of fact, it is not easy to understand what exactly egregia is, and where it occurs. Its type locality, as it was indicated by Germar (1843), would indicate it to inhabit the Sudanese province of Blue Nile (Fazogli: Horn 1910b & 1926, Wiesner 1992; Sennar: Werner 2000a) or rather the White Nile region (Fashoda, present-day Kodok, N of Malakal), but Werner (2000a) has interestingly pointed out that Dohrn (1883) had mentioned egregia as originated from “Fassogl, 150 miles from the Zambesi”, thus from a perhaps exceedingly southern location which, in fact, would better fit Germar’s indication of “Africa intermedia” (Cassola & Miskell, 2001).

Anyway, Within or around egregia a difficult tiger beetle complex has been identified which is definitely in need to be deeply reviewed. Germar’s original figure (see also Werner 2000a, fig. 94) shows egregia to be rather similar to elongatoplanata, may be even conspecific. Until re-discovery and re-examination of Germar’s type specimen (apparently in ZMB collection: see Horn 1922), and possibly availability of recent well-labelled specimen referable to the same species become possible, it seems to be preferable to consider here the several “subspecies” or forms which have been attached to egregia as separate species. Werner & Dudley (1998) have already proposed full specific status for cupricollis. Moreover, three other distinct species at least - neumanni, tarsalis and elongatoplanata - should be recognized within the egregia-complex. These appear to be mostly vicariant, but some range overlappings are noticeable.

ELEGANTULA Boheman, 1848 Cosmema elegantula Boheman, 1848: 24.

54 CASSOLA

Cosmema elegantula; Fleutiaux 1892: 36

Dromica elegantula, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica elegantula; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 179.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat ad Portum Natalense rarius”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 4, 1 2 (NHRS; Basilewsky, pers. comm. ).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 178); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 15); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 48).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. KwaZulu/Natal: “Caffraria” (Horn 1892, sub Cosmema intermedia; Péringuey 1893); “Cafrerie” (FCC); “Zoulouland” (Werner 2000a); Natal (Chaudoir 1864; FCC, MNHN, MRAC); Port Natal (Boheman 1848); Durban (Péringuey 1893); Frere (Péringuey 1893); Pietermaritzburg (Péringuey 1893, sub Cosmema brevipennis); Malvern (TMSA).

ELONGATOPLANATA W. Horn, 1922 Myrmecoptera egregia subsp. elongato-planata Horn, 1922: 97.

Dromica egregia elongato-planata, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica egregia elongatoplanata; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 126.

Dromica elongatoplanata (b. sp.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “1 9 6 Bihawana, 1 d Mpongwe: Africa orient. olim ‘Germanica’ (Ertl)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. 2 66,1 £ (DEI!; not listed by Döbler 1973).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 94c, 94c.1, 94c.2, 94c.3, 94c.4, 94c.5, 94c.6); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, fig. 13); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 63); live specimens (Cassola, this paper, colour figs 146, 147, 148); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 94c.7).

DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. Arusha: Babati (Werner 2000a; K WC). Kilimanjaro: Moshi (JPC). Singida: 35 mi E Singida: Maagaa (BMNH, FCC). Dodoma: Dodoma (BMNH); Bihawana [6°16S-35°38E] (Horn 1922). Rungwa (K WC); Mitundo (FCC, K WC); Babati-Kondoa (Werner 2000a; K WC); Babati: 30 km to Kondoa (Werner 2000a; KWC). Mbeya: Ujewa (FCC). /ringa: Ruaha NP (Werner 2000a; K WC); Ifunda (Werner 2000a; KWC). Lindi: Tendaguru (BMNH). D. R. Congo. Kasai: N'Gombe (MRAC). Shaba: Madona-Bangweolo (Burgeon 1937, sub D. egregia neumanni; MRAC). Zambia. Northern: N.West-Rhodesia (MCZR); Mpongwe (Horn 1922). Malawi. Central: 20 km NW Dedza (FCC). REMARKS. The elongate elytral shape, the slightly different proportions of body parts, and the apparent overlapping of geographical ranges, seem to suggest elongatoplanata to be a distinct species in the egregia group, other than farsalis. It is interesting to notice that Burgeon (1937) recorded both elongatoplanata (sub neumanni) and cupricollis from a single locality (Madona- Bangweolo) at least, what seems to strengthen their concept as distinct full species. However, specimens from southern Congo should be carefully re-examined.

ENDROEDYI Schüle & Werner, 1999

Dromica endroedyi Schüle & Werner, 1999: 458.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal, Piet Retief”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 4 (TMSA); 3 d d, 3 2 2 (FCC!); 3 dd (KWC); 1 2 (PSC). ILLUSTRATIONS. Aedeagus: right lateral and dorsal aspects (Schüle & Werner 1999, fig. 1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 33).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 55

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Mpumalanga: Piet Retief (FCC, PSC, K WC).

REMARKS. Known so far from the type locality only. This species is remarkable because it possesses a quite unusual puzzling structure, 1.e. a “finger-shaped spur” on the right side of the male aedeagus, first described by Schtile & Werner (1999), which is apparently lacking in all related species but D. miranda.

ERIKSSONI Péringuey, 1892 Myrmecoptera Erikssoni Péringuey, 1892a: 5.

Dromica Erikssoni, IX. Gruppe “specialis-limbata”; Horn 1926a: 91.

Dromica erikssoni; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 145.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Northern Ovamboland... two examples”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “Two examples”: 1 £ (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner & Wiesner 1994, p. 76, fig. 21, holotype; Werner 2000a, colour figs 120; 120.1).

DISTRIBUTION. Namibia. “Northern Ovamboland” (Péringuey 1892a, 1893; Werner 2000a); “Nord- Amboland” (Horn 1908b; Werner 2000a).

REMARKS. Probably just the two type specimens are presently known, of which I could examine the DEI specimen only. Depository of the second specimen is not apparently in SAM (Cochrane 1995). D. mesothoracica and D. prolongatesignata have been considered to be subspecies of D. erikssoni, but both of them deserve a full specific status.

ERLANGERI W. Horn, 1904 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Erlangeri Horn, 1904b: 426.

Dromica erlangeri, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”, Untergruppe “Bertolonii-nobilitata”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica erlangeri; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 116.

TYPE LOCALITY. “... zwischen Gurgura und Gololoda gesammelt”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Ein 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Werner 1993a, pp. 75-76, figs 1, 3, 8, 10); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 85, 85.1, 85a); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, figs 80); larvae (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 85.2); live specimens (Cassola, this paper, colour figs 149, 150, 151); habitat (Werner 2000a, figs 85.3, 85a.1).

DISTRIBUTION. Ethiopia. “Gurgura-Gololoda” (Horn 1904b; Cassola 1978a; Werner 1993b; DEI). Gemu Gofa: 50 km S Arba Minch (Werner 1993b, 2000); Konso (Werner 1993a&b, 1994, 2000a; FCC); 10 km W Konso (Werner 2000a). Somalia?. “Süd-Somali” (Horn 1910, 1926; Cassola & Miskell 1990). Uganda. Sukh Plains nr Nepal Pass (FCC). Kenya. Marsabit: Kulal [37°E-2°40N] (Horn 1932a, ssp. deflexicollis; Werner 2000a; DEI). Eastern: Marsabit (Horn 1932a, ssp. deflexicollis; BMNH). Rift Valley: Laikipia: Rumuruti (MSTV).

REMARKS. The complex of erlangeri, abukari, nobilitata (with its supposed subspecies reducta and interruptemaculata), hildebrandti and kenyana should be reviewed, based on larger East African materials. Relationships and respective distributions have not been fully cleared in so far.

56 CASSOLA

ERTLI W. Horn, 1903 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Schaumi subsp. Ertli Horn, 1903b: 320.

Dromica Schaumi Ertli, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica schaumi ertli, Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 131.

Dromica ertli (b. sp.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Lukuledi: D.O.-Afrika: 200 Klm. einwärte von Lindi, 8 Wegstunden vom Rovuma- Fluß”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Pronotum (Horn 1940, pl. 16, fig. 5); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 98a, 98a.1, 98a.2, 98a.3).

DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. /ringa: Makonde [9°59S-34°30E] (Horn 1921). Ruvuma: Songea (Werner 2000a). Mtwara: Lukuledi [38°30E-10°30S] (Horn 1903b; Werner 2000a; DEI, MRAC). Lindi: Lindi (Horn 1903b; JWC, MRAC).

REMARKS. Two male specimens in MRAC, from Lukuledi, were not designated by Horn (1903b) as paratypes. This form is here tentatively raised to full specific status, because of the different elytral pattern and the apparently overlapping ranges. It seems to have a southern Tanzanian distribution, and its occurrence in southern Kenya, questioned by Werner (1993a), is doubtful.

FILICORNIS W. Horn, 1898

Myrmecoptera filicornis Horn, 1898a: 348.

Dromica filicornis, VIII. Gruppe “Saundersi-Junodi”; Horn 1926a: 90.

Dromica filicornis, Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 142.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal (Komatipoort)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 116); aedeagus (Cassola 1975, fig. 6, sub D. saundersi; Cassola, this paper, fig. 94).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Gauteng: 20 km E Pretoria (HFHC). Northern Transvaal: Mica- Hoedspruit (Cassola 1975, sub D. saundersi; FCC). Mpumalanga: Komatipoort (Horn 1898a); 2 mi W Hectorspring nr Komatipoort (Cassola 1975, sub D. saundersi; Werner 2000a; FCC, MRAC); Kruger NP: Lebombo Mt. [25°10S-32.02E] (FCC).

REMARKS. D. filicornis appears to be very similar to D. consimilis, however the latter species has slightly dilated antennomeres 5-8, while filicornis has filiform antennae. A © specimen in BVNC, from “P. Henrique” (Mozambique), which unfortunately has no antennae left, resembles filicornis but has a slightly different, more parallel-sided, strongly striated, black pronotum, and it is possibly a new distinct species.

FLAVOVITTATA W. Horn, 1896 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) flavovittata Horn, 1896c: 339. Myrmecoptera flavovittata; Péringuey 1898: 313.

Dromica flavovittata, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica flavovittata, Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 136.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Regiones interiores Mosambicenses”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 4” (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 105, 105.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica Ir

90).

DISTRIBUTION. ?Zambia. Kabatu (MRAC). ?Zimbabwe. N Zimbabwe (Wiesner 1992, Werner 2000a). Malawi. Chisasira: Chinteche (VAC). Central: Dedza (CROC, FCC). South: Zomba (BMNH); Limbe (BVNC). Mozambique. “Mozamb. interior” (Horn 1896c; Péringuey 1898; Werner 2000a; DEI); “Port. O. Afrika, mittlerer Zambesi” (Werner 2000a).

FORMOSA Péringuey, 1894 Myrmecoptera formosa Péringuey, 1894: 451.

Dromica formosa, IV. Gruppe “clathrata”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica formosa; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 111.

Pseudodromica formosa (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashunaland (Salisbury)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 6,2 2 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 12, fig. 2; Werner 2000a, colour figs 80, 80.1, 80.2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 128).

DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Mashonaland West?: Mashunaland (BMNH, DEI, MRAC). Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Péringuey 1894, 1896; Werner 2000a; BMNH, DEI, NCI, TMSA). Manicaland: Rusape-Nyanga (Werner 2000a: “Nyanza”; FCC, JWC). Matabeleland North: Bulawayo (BMNH). Matabeleland South: Matopos (BMNH); Matabele: Hrd af Seg (MRAC); Matabeleland (MRAC, TMSA).

FOSSULATA Wallengren, 1881 Dromica fossulata Wallengren, 1881: 11.

Dromica fossulata; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Myrmecoptera fossulata; Péringuey 1893: 68.

Myrmecoptera Bertolonii fossulata; Horn 1904a: 92.

Dromica Bertolonii fossulata, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”, Untergruppe “Bertolonii-nobilitata”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica Bertolonii fossulata; Basilewsky 1953: 191.

Dromica bertolonii fossulata, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 118.

Dromica fossulata (revised status).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Ad Christianam capta”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype d (MZL: Basilewsky 1953).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 87a, 87a.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 23, figs 1, 2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 99).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Free State: Christiana (Wallengren 1881; Péringuey 1893). Northern Province: Shilouvane (NCI); “Antioka, N. Transvaal” (DEI). Mpumalanga: Low County (JPC, KWC). Mozambique. Maputo: Delagoa Bay, Lourengo Marquez [=Maputo] (CMNH, DEI, FCC, JWC, TMSA); Porto Henrique (FCC); Tembe (DEI); 15 S Boane [26°11S-32°19E] (FCC, MSNC); env. Boane (FCC, SBC).

FOVEICOLLIS W. Horn, 1914 Dromica foveicollis Horn, 1914a: 11.

58 CASSOLA

Dromica foveicollis, XIX. Gruppe “foveicollis”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica foveicollis; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 187.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Katanga (Zentral-Afrika)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 3” (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 15, fig. 2; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 191).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Katanga (Horn 1913, 1929a; Burgeon 1937; Werner 2000a; DEI); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 104).

REMARKS. The single male holotype specimen only is known so far.

FOVEOLATA Péringuey, 1888 Dromica foveolata Péringuey, 1888: 71.

Dromica foveolata; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Myrmecoptera foveolata; Péringuey 1993: 64.

Junior synonym of Cosmema granulata; Horn 1897d: 62.

Junior synonym of Dromica aspera Dokhtouroff, Horn 1926a: 91, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: IENE

Dromica foveolata (revised status).

TYPE LOCALITY. “I believe it ... was captured in the Lake N’Gami region”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “One male” (DEI!).

DISTRIBUTION. Namibia. Erongo?: Damaraland (Péringuey 1893). Botswana. Ngamiland: Ngami Lake (Péringuey 1888). South Africa. Free State: Hoopstad (Péringuey 1896). North-West: Vryburg: Bordeaux on Mistake (SMWN, FCC). KwaZulu/Natal: Durban (Péringuey 1893).

REMARKS. Synonymy with aspera was established by Horn (1897d): “Cosm. foveolata 3 Per. (Myrmecoptera sec Pér.) ist = C. granulata 5 D. Der Typus der letzeren hat kaum erweiterte Fühlergld.! diese Form ist vielleicht nur Var. von C. aspera D., C. lateralis Boh. ist eine andere Species. C. aspera Pér. mifste umgetauft werden”. However, shape of pronotum (more trapezoid, less parallel-sided) shows foveolata to be specifically distinct from aspera, and moreover the darker colour and the stronger elytral sculpture clearly separe it from /ateralis.

FUNDOPLANATA W. Horn, 1909 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) fundoplanata Horn, 1909a: 90.

Dromica fundoplanata, VII. Gruppe “fundoplanata”; Horn 1926a: 90.

Dromica fundoplanata; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 141.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Busi-Tal (Portug. Ostafrika)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 £” (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1910b, pl. 10, fig. 12, colour illustration; Horn 1940, pl. 12, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, fig. 112, colour picture of holotype).

DISTRIBUTION. Mozambique. Sofala: Buzi River valley (Horn 1909a; Werner 2000a; DEI). REMARKS. The single female holotype specimen only is known so far.

FURCATA Boheman, 1848 Cosmema furcata Boheman, 1848: 21. Type-species of Genus Cosmema Boheman, 1848.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 39

Cosmema furcata; Fleutiaux 1892: 36

Dromica furcata, XII. Gruppe “furcata-alboclavata”; Horn 1926a: de:

Dromica furcata; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 153.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat in Caffraria interiore in montibus Makkalisensibus”.

TyPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes probably included (NHRS?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 132, 132.1, 132.3); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 10); elytra, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola 1975, p. 197, fig. 7); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 28); live specimens (Werner 2000a, colour figs 132.2, 132.5; Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 156); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 132.4).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Transvaal: S. Dorset (TMSA). Rietfontein (TMSA). Weltvreden (TMSA). Zusters (FCC). Free State: Parys (Péringuey 1893). North-West: Molopo (MRAC); Vryburg (MRAC); Delarey (FCC, TMSA); Lichtenburg (TMSA); Potchefstroom (Wallengren 1881, Péringuey 1893; TMSA); Rustenburg (NCI); Brits, 18 km ESE [25°42S-27°53E] (DLPC); Melodie [25°44S-22°51E] (DLPC); Lindequesdrift [26°45S-27°34E] (TMSA); Rust-de-winter (TMSA); Magaliesberg (Boheman 1848). Gauteng: Johannesburg (TMSA); Pretoria (FCC, MRAC, TMSA); Walhalla [=Valhalla, suburb of Pretoria?] (TMSA); “Salt Pan, Pta. Distr.’ (MRAC); Zoutpan [25°24S-28°06E] (TMSA); Moloto (Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC); 20 km S Moloto (FCC, KWC). Northern Province: Thabazimbi (Werner 2000); Warmbaths-Thabazimbi (FCC, KWC); 8 km N Warmbaths (PSC); W of Warmbaths [24°55S-28°22E] (DWBC); Waterberg (TMSA); Waterberg nr Potgietersaus [24°18S-28°50E] (FCC); Rooiberg (TMSA); Nylstroom (TMSA); 10 km NE Nylstroom (PSC); Nylstroom-Vaalwater (Cassola 1975; FCC); Matlala (TMSA); Pietersburg (TMSA, NCI); 2 km S Pietersburg (PSC); Luipershoek Farm nr Roossenekal [25°07S-29°50E] (FCC, NCI); 12 km NW Melkrivier [23.56S-28.20E] (NCI). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (FCC, NCI, TMSA); 14 km N Lydenburg (K WC); Wolkberg nr Haenertsburg (TMSA); “Salt Pan, Pta. Dist.” [25°30-28°15, nr Pretoria] (MRAC). KwaZulu/Natal: Loskop (TMSA). Mozambique. Maputo: Magude (TMSA).

GERSTAECKERI W. HORN, 1898

Myrmecoptera Gerstaeckeri Horn, 1898a: 347.

Cicindela Gerstaeckeri, Horn 1926a: 156.

Euryarthron Gerstaeckeri, Rivalier 1957: 317.

Euryarthron gerstaeckeri, Wiesner 1992: 60, Werner 2000a: 92. TYPE LOCALITY. “Nyassa”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 6” (DEI!).

GIBBICOLLIS W. Horn, 1913

Dromica gibbicollis Horn, 1913: 274.

Dromica gibbicollis, XVII. Gruppe “gibbicollis”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica gibbicollis, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 185.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Elisabethville (Miss. Agric. Leplae)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “1 6 2”: 1 6 (MRAC!), 1 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 16, figs 1, 2; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 188). DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Elisabethville [=Lubumbashi] (Horn 1913, 1929a; Burgeon

60 CASSOLA

1937; Werner 2000a; DEI, MRAC); Lubumbashi (FCC, JWC, MRAC).

GIGANTEA Bréme, 1844

Dromica gigantea Bréme, 1844: 289.

Dromica gigantea; Chaudoir 1864: 7, Fleutiaux 1892: 34.

Junior synonym of Dromica clathrata; Horn 1900a: 210; Horn 1926a: 86, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 105.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica clathrata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “...se trouve au Port-Natal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Female (Brême 1844, pl. VII, fig. 3; MNHN?).

REMARKS. Synonymy with clathrata is given here just based on Horn’s authority (1910b, 1926a). Chaudoir (1864) had excluded conspecificity (“Elle a été méconnue par Boheman, qui l’a confondue

avec la clathrata Klug, espèce bien distincte et beaucoup plus petite”), but a female specimen in the historical collection of Massimiliano Spinola (MRSN; Giachino 1982), coming from the Melly’s collection and labelled “Afrique int. S.E.”, turned out to be a clathrata specimen.

GILVIPES Boheman, 1848 Cosmema gilvipes Boheman, 1848: 25.

Cosmema gilvipes; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Dromica gilvipes, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica gilvipes; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 179.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat in Caffraria interiore”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “2” (NHRS?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 176, 176.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 14).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. KwaZulu/Natal: “du pays des Zoulous?” (Chaudoir 1864); Maritzburg (Péringuey 1893; NCI); Pietermaritzburg (Werner 2000a); Malvern (Werner 2000; BMNH, FCC, MRAC); Port Natal (BMNH); Bellair (TMSA); Wartburg (FCC, PSC).

GLOBICOLLIS W. Horn, 1914 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Schaumi subsp. globicollis Horn, 1914a: 10.

Dromica Schaumi globicollis, V. Gruppe “Bennigseni-egregia”; Horn 1926a: 89.

Dromica schaumi globicollis; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 132.

Dromica globicollis (b. sp.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Kigonsera (Deutsch Ostafrika: Ertl)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 9 2 63” (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 98c, 98c.1); pronotum (Horn 1940, pl. 16, fig. 6). DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. Ruvuma: Kigonsera (Horn 1914a; Werner 2000a; DEI, FCC, FMNH, MRAC).

REMARKS. Pronotal colour and shape, and moreover the apparant overlapping of geographical ranges, would suggest globicollis to deserve full specific status. Together with cupricollis and the co- occurring carabid beetle Eccoptoptera cupricollis Chd., globicollis is obviously a mymic of a female mutillid wasp.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 61

GLORIOSA Péringuey, 1896 Cosmema gloriosa Péringuey, 1896: 113.

Dromica gloriosa, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Dromica gloriosa; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 163.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Zambesia (Buluwayo)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Female (“Male unknown”; ZMB?).

DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Matabeleland North: Bulawayo (Péringuey 1896). Botswana (Werner 2000a).

REMARKS. Péringuey’s description woud suggest conspecificity with Jaticollis, described from Transvaal. However, depository of type specimens is neither in SAM (Cochrane 1995) nor in DEI (Dobler 1973), and it is unknown. If synonymy should be confirmed, Péringuey’s name would have priority. The specimen figured by Werner (2000a, colour fig. 146), from Klaserie, Northern Province, South Africa, would seem to rather be in the consimilis group.

GRACILIS W. Horn, 1909 Dromica (Cosmema) gracilis Horn, 1909d: 101.

Dromica gracilis, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica gracilis; Cassola 1986b: 347, Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 171.

Foveodromica gracilis (comb. n.).

Type-species of the genus Foveodromica nov..

TYPE LOCALITY. “S.O.-Katanga, Serenje District (N.O.-Rhodesia)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 156, 156.1, 156.2); aedeagus (Cassola 1986b, p. 351, fig. 4A).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: “S.O. Katanga” (Horn 1909d); Elisabethville [=Lubumbashi] (Cassola 1986b; ABC, JPC, JWC, MRAC); Jadotville [=Likasi] (Cassola 1986b; ABC, JPC, MRAC); Zilo (Cassola 1986b; Werner 2000a; ABC, JPC, MRAC); Kifumwanshi (Cassola 1986b; Werner 2000a; MRAC). Zambia. Central: Serenje distr. (Horn 1909d; DEI). Tanzania. Mbeya: Vwawa (Werner 2000a; K WC).

REMARKS. Wiesner (1992) recorded this species from Zimbabwe as well. However, the type locality (“Serenje District”) clearly refers to present-day Zambia instead.

GRANDIS Péringuey, 1893 Dromica grandis Péringuey, 1893: 75.

Dromica grandis, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 86.

Dromica grandis; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 107.

Pseudodromica grandis (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Middle Limpopo (Fort Tuli), Transvaal (Barberton)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included; 1 2 (SAMI, labelled “Mashunaland, Salisbury”, but quoted as being the holotype by Cochrane 1995: 273).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1940, pl. 11, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, colour figs75, 75.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 123).

DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Mashonaland West?: Mashunaland (Werner 2000a; SAM). Mashonaland

62 CASSOLA

East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Cochrane 1995). Matabeleland South: Fort Tuli [=Thuli] (Péringuey 1893). Botswana. Kalahari Desert (Werner 2000a; DEI). South Africa. Eastern Transvaal: Barberton (Péringuey 1893).

REMARKS. Péringuey (1893) indicated “Fort Tuli” (in Matabeleland South) as the species’ type locality, but his description clearly refers to both sexes, thus to two specimens at least. Actually the type specimen in SAM is labelled “Mashuanaland”, therefore likely being the species’ allotype (Werner 2000a). Identification of the Barberton specimens appears to be doubtful and would deserve confirmation.

GRANULATA Dokhtouroff, 1883

Dromica granulata Dokhtouroff, 1883: 9.

Cosmema granulata; Fleutiaux 1892: 36, Péringuey 1893: 94.

Junior synonym of Dromica aspera Dokhtouroff; Horn 1926a: 91, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 20008: 151.

Dromica granulata (revised status).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Cafrerie (?). Ma collection”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number and sex not given: 1 9, “syntype” (DEI!: Döbler 1973: 382). ILLUSTRATIONS. Left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, figs 7-9) (?); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 67). DISTRIBUTION. Namibia. Erongo?: Damaraland (Péringuey 1893). South Africa. “?Caffraria” (Dokhtouroff 1883; Péringuey 1893). Torrance (TMSA). Gauteng: Hammanskraal (FCC). Northern Province: Pietersburg (TMSA); Zoutpan (TMSA, FCC); Pienaars River, 8 km S [25°17S-28°17E] (TMSA); Chapudi [22°55S-29°34E] (TMSA). Mpumalanga: Crocodile-poort East (TMSA). KwaZulu/Natal: Durban (Péringuey 1893; CMNH).

REMARKS. A much finer pronotal sculpture, foliated antennae, different elytral sculpture, and lack of

continuous elytral marginal band (a short subapical lunule is usually left at most) seem to separe what I think to be granulata from both aspera and foveolata. Shape of male aedeagus shows these species, as well as /ateralis Boheman and may be the marginella-group, to be closely related.

GROSSULA W. Horn, 1914 Dromica (Cosmema) grossula Horn, 1914a: 12.

Dromica grossula, XV. Gruppe “‘transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica grossula; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 177.

Foveodromica grossula (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Angola (ex coll. V. Plason)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 22,466”: 2 dd, 12 (DEN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 170); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 113). DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Angola (Horn 1914a; DEI). Benguela: Ganda (Horn 1935b; Ferreira 1965). Huila: Caconda (Werner 2000a; MRAC).

REMARKS. Just the four type specimens and two more female specimens (from Ganda and Caconda) are apparently known so far (Horn 1914, 1935b; Cassola 1980a; Werner 2000a).

GRUTH Chaudoir, 1865 Dromica Grutii Chaudoir, 1865: 52.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 63

Cosmema Gruti; Fleutiaux 1892: 36

Dromica Gruti, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica gruti; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 178.

TYPE LOCALITY. “... de Port Natal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “Male “ (MNHN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 174); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 20, fig. 7). DISTRIBUTION. ?Namibia. “Damara” (FCC). South Africa. Mpumalanga: Stentor Estates nr Kaapmuiden (FCC). KwaZulu-Natal: “Natal” (MRAC); Port Natal (Chaudoir 1865); Pongola (Werner 2000a; KWC); 20 km W Magudu (PSC); False Bay (FCC, KWC); Mkuzi GR: Mantuma Camp [27°36S-32°13E] (DWBC); Hluhluwe GR: 5 km S Hilltop Camp [28°08S-32°06E] (DWBC); False Bay Park (FCC, PSC). Mozambique: Maputo: Lourenço-Marques [=Maputo] (MRAC); Rikatla (Junod 1899); env. Boane (FCC, SBC); 20 km S Boane (SBC).

REMARKS. Very few specimens are known so far. Horn (1935a) first considered semilevis to be a subspecies of grutii, but later (Horn 1940) considered them to be two separate species. Occurrence of this species in Namibia is doubtful and it would need to be confirmed.

GRUTI Péringuey, 1893 Cosmema Gruti Péringuey 1893: 86.

Cosmema gruti, Peringuey 1898: 308 (“C. gruti, Chaud. is different from C. gruti, Pér.”). Junior synonym of Dromica sexmaculata; Horn 1926a: 94.

Dromica sexmaculata var. Gruti, Horn 1940: 276.

Junior synonym of Dromica sexmaculata; Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 182. ILLUSTRATIONS. Left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 23, fig. 6).

GUNNINGI Péringuey, 1898 Myrmecoptera gunningi Péringuey, 1898: 312.

Dromica Gunningi, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchr”; Horn 1926a: 86.

Dromica gunningi; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 108.

Pseudodromica gunningi (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal (Barberton, Leydenburg)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 77, 77.1, 77a, 77a.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 21, fig. 8); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 119).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Transvaal (FCC). Grootdrai (TMSA). Koodoos River (FCC, TMSA). Northern Province: Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S-30°31E] (FCC, TMSA); Tricharsdal [24°10S-30°24E] (NCI); 2 km E Klaserie [24°31S-31°02E] (DWBC); 2 km NE Klaserie [24°32S- 31°02E] (DWBC); Shilouvane nr Leydsdorp (FCC, MRAC, NCI, TMSA); Zoutpansberg (FCC, MRAC); Thabina (FCC, TMSA); Ofcolaco: Makhutswe River (Werner 2000a; KWC, JWC); 15 km E Klaserie: Guernsey Farm (ACBRI). Mpumalanga: Barberton (Péringuey 1898; DEI, FCC); Lydenburg (Péringuey 1898; DEI, FCC, TMSA); Komatipoort (Horn 1900a, sub Myrmecoptera micans; Werner 2000a); Pretoriuskop (HFHC). Mozambique. Maputo: Lourengo Marques [=Maputo]: Naamacha (MRAC).

64 CASSOLA

HAMATA Péringuey, 1893 Cosmema hamata Péringuey, 1893: 92.

Junior synonym of Dromica coarctata; Horn 1926a: 92, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 157. TYPE LOCALITY. “Cape Colony (Sunday River)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included; 2 syntypes (DEI!; Döbler 1973: 383). ILLUSTRATIONS. Left elytron (Horn 1922, fig. 6).

HAMMONDI Cassola, 1980

Dromica serietuberculata subsp. hammondi Cassola, 1980: 693.

Dromica serietuberculata hammondi;, Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 168.

TYPE LOCALITY. “N.W. Rhodesia, Tayumba, Solwezi distr.”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (BMNH!)); allotype 2 (BMNH!); 1 & (BMNH!); 1 d (FCC!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 152b).

HELLERI W. Horn, 1897

Cosmema Helleri Horn, 1897b: 237.

Dromica Helleri, XVI. Gruppe “sexmaculata-Helleri”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica helleri, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 185.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 187, 187.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 23, fig. 8); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 41).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. “Transvaal” (Horn 1897b; Péringuey 1898). Mpumalanga: Komatipoort (Horn 1897c; DEI); Kaapmuiden (DEUP); White River (FCC). Northern Province: “Limpopo, oberhalb Shengane” (DEI); Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S-30°31E] (Werner 2000a; FCC, TMSA). KwaZulu/Natal: Ndumu (Werner 2000a; FCC, TMSA). Swaziland. Mkhaya NR (FCC); Maphiveni: Mlawula NR (Wiesner 2001). Mozambique. Maputo: Delagoa Bay [=Maputo] (DEI, MRAC); env. Boane (SBC).

HEXASTICTA Fairmaire, 1887 Dromica hexasticta Fairmaire, 1887: 71.

Cosmema hexastica (sic!); Fleutiaux 1892: 36

Cosmema quadriguttata var. hexasticta, Horn 1896a: 59.

Cicindela hexasticta; Horn 1926a: 155.

Bennigsenium hexastictum, Wiesner 1992: 95, Werner 2000b: 17.

TYPE LOCALITY. “... dans l’intérieur du Zanguebar ... Uzagara”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “2” (MNHN?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1915, pl. 16, fig. 8, colour illustration; Werner 2000b, colour figs 192.1, 192.2); left elytron (Horn 1938, pl. 44, fig. 18); meso- and metepisterna (Horn 1915, pl. 15, fig. 207); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 106).

REMARKS. The taxonomic place of this species is still unclear. Together with two closely allied species, “Cicindela” cosmemoides W. Horn, 1913, and allardiana, it should probably be isolated in a separate genus, other than Dromica and Bennigsenium.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 65

HILDEBRANDTI W. Horn, 1903

Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Hildebrandti Horn, 1903c: 421.

Dromica Hildebrandti, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”, Untergruppe “Bertolonii-nobilitata”; Horn 19263; 87.

Dromica hildebrandti, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 115.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Africa Orientalis Britannica”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 9” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 83, 83.1).

DISTRIBUTION. Kenya. “Africa Orientalis Britannica” (Horn 1903c; Werner 2000a; DEI). Rift Valley: Magadi (Werner 2000a; FCC, NMN). Nairobi: “Wa-Kikuyu, Bassin de I‘ Athi” (MRAC); Stony Athi (BMNH, NMN).

HOLUBI C.A. Dohrn, 1881

Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Holubi Dohrn, 1881: 318.

Myrmecoptera Holubi; Fleutiaux 1892: 36.

Junior synonym of Dromica polyhirmoides; Horn 1926a: 87, Basilewsky 1957: 466, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 109.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica polyhirmoides (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Südlichen Afrika”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype d (PASW; Basilewsky 1957).

HORI Cassola, 1986

Dromica horii Cassola, 1986: 350.

Dromica horii, Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 174.

Foveodromica horii (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Tanzania: Kigoma, Mahale Mountains National Park, Myako”.

> TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (FCC!); allotype 2 (FCC!); 1 d (BMNH!); 1 4 (DEI); 2 dé (FCC!): 7.66, 5 22 MAC 18:1 2 RAC:

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Cassola 1986b, fig. 5; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 161.1); aedeagus (Cassola 1986, p. 351, fig. 4E).

DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. Kigoma: Kigoma (FCC); Mahale Mts. NP: Myako CARON 1986b: Werner 2000a; BMNH, DEI, JWC, MHC, MRAC).

REMARKS. The female specimen from Sibweza, Tanzania, pictured by Werner (2000a, fig. 161) under “horii”, should be in reality F! profugorum.

HORNI W. Horn, 1940

Nomen nudum.

Dromica Horni Péringuey 1.1. Horn, 1940: 272.

Dromica horni; Wiesner 1992: 64. Ä

Junior synonym of Dromica quadricostata, Werner 2000a: 119.

TYPE LOCALITY. Unknown.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “3 ex. ohne Fundort... Typen” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, fig. 90, sub D. costata?); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18,

66 CASSOLA

fig. 12).

HUMERALIS W. Horn, 1913 Dromica (Cosmema) humeralis Horn, 1913: 277.

Dromica humeralis, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94. Dromica humeralis; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 174.

Foveodromica humeralis (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Bailundo (Angola)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “® 3”: 1 6, 1 2 (DEI.

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 162); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 109). DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Huambo: Bailundo (Horn 1913; Ferreira 1965; Werner 2000a; DEI). | REMARKS. Just the two type specimens are apparently known so far (Cassola 1980a), but Werner (2000a) recently figured a male specimen in his collection also labelled “Ballundo”.

IMMACULATA Péringuey, 1888

Dromica immaculata Péringuey, 1888: 70.

Dromica immaculata; Péringuey 1893: 81, Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

“Inorn-F” of Dromica tuberculata, III. Gruppe “bicostata-octocostata”; Horn 1926a: 85. Junior synonym of Dromica tuberculata; Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000a: 101.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica tuberculata carinulata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Captured near Graham’s Town, Cape Colony”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “... only seen the female” (ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Péringuey 1893, pl. 2, fig. 7).

INCRASSATA W. Horn, 1909

Dromica (Cosmema) incrassata Horn, 1909a: 90.

Dromica lepida incrassata, XIV. Gruppe “lepida”; Horn 1926a: 93. Junior synonym of Dromica lepida; Horn 1935a: 101.

Dromica lepida incrassata, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 160. Junior synonym of Dromica lepida (see discussion under lepida). TYPE LOCALITY. “Südafrika”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!); not listed by Döbler (1973). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, fig. 140a).

INTERMEDIA W. Horn, 1892 Cosmema intermedia Horn, 1892a: 68. Cosmema intermedia; Fleutiaux 1892: 36

Junior synonym of Cosmema elegantula; Péringuey 1896: 97.

Junior synonym of Dromica elegantula, Horn 1926a: 94, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 179. TYPE LOCALITY. “Caffraria”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “2?” (DEI).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 67

INTERMEDIOPUNCTATA W. Horn, 1929 Dromica gracilis intermedio-punctata Horn, 1929a: 315.

Dromica intermediopunctata; Cassola 1986: 349.

Dromica intermediopunctata; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 171.

Foveodromica intermediopunctata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Kigonsera, NO-Nyassa-See”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “3 9 ©, 16” (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 157, 157.1, 157.2); aedeagus (Cassola 1986b, fig. 4B); habitat (Werner 2000a, figs 157.3, 157.4).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Lubumbashi (Cassola 1986b; MRAC): Kapoya (Cassola 1986b; MRAC); Tekanini (Cassola 1986b; MRAC); Jadotville [=Likasi] (Cassola 1986b; MRAC, FCC); Mura (Cassola 1986b; MRAC, FCC). Zambia. Northern: Abercorn [=Mbala] (FCC, IRSNB). Malawi. Nkwadzi (Cassola 1986b; MRAC). North: Misuku Hills (KWC). Central: Chisasira: Chinteche (Cassola 1986b; FCC, MRAC). South: Limbe (Werner & Dudley 1998). Tanzania. /ringa: Mafinga (MSNC). Dodoma: Mitundo (KWC). Ruvuma: Kigonsera (Horn 1929a; Werner 2000a; DEI); Songea (Werner 2000a; KWC).

INTERRUPTA Klug, 1834 Dromica interrupta Klug, 1834: 40.

Junior synonym of Dromica trinotata; Chaudoir 1864: 73.

Junior synonym of Cosmema trinotata; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Junior synonym of Cosmema tri-notata; Péringuey 1893: 84.

Junior synonym of Dromica trinotata; Horn 1926a: 85, Wiesner 1992: 61, Werner 2000: 98. TYPE LOCALITY. Not indicated.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “Nur nach dem weißlichen Geschlecht bekannt” (ZMB?).

INTERRUPTEMACULATA W. Horn, 1923 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) nobilitata subsp. interrupte-maculata Horn, 1923: 316.

Dromica nobilitata interrupte-maculata, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”, Untergruppe “Bertolonii- nobilitata”; Horn 1926a: 88.

Dromica nobilitata interruptemaculata; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 122.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Brit. Ost-Afrika (Kibwezi, G. Scheffler)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 d,2 2 2 (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 91b, 91b.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, fig. 5).

INVICTA Peringuey, 1894 Myrmecoptera invicta Péringuey, 1894: 452.

Dromica invicta, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica invicta, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 112.

Pseudodromica invicta (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashunaland (Salisbury)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 3 syntypes (DEI!); 1 4 (MRAC!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 81, 81.1); elytra (Horn 1927, figs 41, 42); left

68 CASSOLA

elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 22, figs 1, 2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 124).

DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Péringuey 1894, 1896; Werner 2000a; ABC, CAS, CMNH, FCC, MRAC, NCI, TMSA). Midlands: Chivhu (FCC); Sebakwe (NCI, TMSA). Matabeleland: Hrd af Seg (MRAC).

REMARKS. As to the supposed ssp. neavei, described by Horn (1913) from N.E. Zambia, it is here considered to be a distinct full species (see below).

IRREGULARIS W. Horn, 1904 Myrmecoptera polyhirmoides subsp. irregularis Horn, 1904a: 91.

Dromica polyhirmoides irregularis, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica polyhirmoides irregularis; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 111.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica polyhirmoides (syn. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashona.Land”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “1 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 79c).

REMARKS. Until better information this form is herein considered to be merely a junior synonym of polyhirmoides.

JORDANI W. Horn, 1899

Myrmecoptera Jordani Horn, 1899b: 53.

Junior synonym of Dromica egregia tarsalis; Horn 1926a: 88, Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 125. TYPE LOCALITY. “Lindi; Zomba, Upp. Shire R.”.

TYPE SPECIMENS, “1 6,2 22”: 1 2 (DEI); 1 6 (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, fig. 12).

JUENGERI Cassola, 1985

Dromica juengeri Cassola, 1985: 33.

Dromica juengeri, Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 169.

Foveodromica juengeri (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Angola: Calulo”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 2 (JWC!); 1 2 (FCC!); 1 2 (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Cassola 1985, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 154; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 172, sub marginepunctata?).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Cuanza Sul: Calulo [9°56S-14°49E] (Cassola 1985; Werner 2000a; FCC, JWC, MRAC).

REMARKS. There is another “Calulo” in the Cuando Cubando Province. Apart from the three female type specimens, no other specimens are known so far.

JUNODI Péringuey, 1892 Myrmecoptera Junodi Péringuey, 1892b: 95.

Dromica Junodi, VII. Gruppe “Saundersi-Junodi”; Horn 1926a: 90. Dromica junodi; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 143. TYPE LOCALITY. “Rikatla, twenty miles from Lourengo Marquez, Delagoa Bay”.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 69

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 4 86,3 22 (DEI).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Junod 1899, pl. V, fig. 2; Werner 2000a, colour figs 117.1, 117.2, 117.3); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 103).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Mpumalanga: Low County (Werner 2000a; JPC, KWC, MCZR). Mozambique. Maputo: Rikatla (Péringuey 1892b, 1893; Péringuey 1893, sub algoensis; Junod 1899; DEI, MRAC, NCI); Delagoa Bay, Lourenço Marques [=Maputo] (Péringuey 1893; Werner 2000a; CMNH, DEI, FCC, JWC, MRAC, MHNG, NCI, TMSA); Tembé (Junod 1899, sub Myrmecoptera algoensis); Vila Luiza [=Marracuene, 25°44°13S-32°40°35E] (NMBSA); Marracuene (SBC). REMARKS. A male specimen from “Porto Henrique” (MRAC) is likely a different new species.

KANZENZENSIS Cassola, 1986

Dromica kanzenzensis Cassola, 1986: 345.

Dromica kanzenzensis, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 148.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Shaba: Kanzenze, Zilo”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype 6 (MRAC!); allotype 8 (MRAC!); 1 2 (DEIN; 6 86,7 2% (FCC!); WEAKWCH 16,1 PAMRACDaL PSC H INA CD:

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 124, 124.1, 124a, 124a.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 79).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: Kanzenze (Cassola 1986b; Werner 2000a; DEI, FCC, MRAC, VAC); Zilo (Cassola 1986b; DEI, FCC, MRAC, VAC); Kafakumba (IRSNB); Kasaji: Dilolo (Cassola 1986b, ssp. labiosemiflava; Werner 2000a; ABC, FCC, JWC, MRAC).

KAVANAUGHI Cassola, 1980

Dromica kavanaughi Cassola, 1980: 206.

Dromica kavanaughi; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 176.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Angola, 5 mi. E of Vila Arriaga”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype 4 (CAS!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola 1980a, fig. 2); habitus (Werner 2000a, fig. 168, colour picture of holotype).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Namibe: 5 mi E Vila Arriaga |=Bibala, 52 km NW Lubango] (Cassola 1980a; Werner 2000a; CAS).

REMARKS. The single male holotype specimen only is known so far.

KEHMIINI Werner, 1999

Dromica coarctata kehmiini Werner, 1999: 16.

Substitution name for D. coarctata aspera Péringuey, 1896, nec Chaudoir in Dokhtouroff, 1883. Dromica coarctata kehmiini, Werner 2000a: 158.

Junior synonym of Dromica coarctata (syn. n.).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, fig. 138b, colour picture).

REMARKS. Separation of aspera Péringuey, 1896 (nec Chaudoir in Dokhtouroff, 1883), from coarctata, is still unclear and not verified, what would seem to prevent kehmiini (substitution name), for the time being at least, from being given a subspecific status. Examination of Péringuey’s type specimens and more material from the very same area are definitely needed.

70 CASSOLA

KENYANA Werner, 1993 Dromica kenyana Werner, 1993a: 59.

Dromica kenyana; Werner 2000a: 115.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Kenya: Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Malindi, Lower Tana-Sabaki”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (K WC); allotype 2 (KWC); 1 &,1 2 (FCC!); 1 & (KWC). Illustrations. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Werner 1993a, figs 2, 4, 7, 9); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 84, 84.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 82); live specimen (Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 153); habitat (Cassola, this paper, fig. 152)..

DISTRIBUTION. Kenya. Coast: Jilore Forest, lower Tana-Sabaki (Werner 1993a; Werner 2000a; DEI, FCC, K WC); Arabuko-Sokoke FR (Werner 1993a; Werner 2000a; DEI, FCC, JWC); Kififi: Marafa (MZSF); Malindi (Werner 1993a; DEI, FCC, KWC, MZSF).

REMARKS. Relationship of kenyana within the complex of nobilitata (including its supposed subspecies reducta and interruptemaculata) should be reviewed. Diagnostic characters and respective distributions are not fully clear.

KOLBEI W. Horn, 1897

Cosmema Kolbei Horn, 1897b: 238.

Dromica Kolbei, XVI. Gruppe “sexmaculata-Helleri”; Horn 1926a: 95.

Dromica kolbei, Wiesner 1992: 68, Werner 2000a: 184.

TYPE LOCALITY. “1 2. d ; Mp’höme (Transvaal)...; 1 ? Huilla”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. | 3, 1 2 (ZMB); 1 £ (DEI!; Döbler 1973).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Horn 1910b, pl. 11, fig. 2, colour illustration; Werner 2000a, colour figs 186, 186.1, 186.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 18); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, figs 40); live specimens (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 186.4; Cassola, this paper, colour figs 141, 142); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 186.3).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola?. Huila: Huilla (Horn 1897b; Péringuey 1898; Cassola 1980b; DEI). Zimbabwe. Masvingo: Fort Victoria [=Masvingo] (Cassola 1980a; AEUT, FCC). South Africa. Koedoes River (TMSA); Mp‘hôme (Horn 1897b; Péringuey 1898). North-West: Rustenburg NR [25°40S-27°12E] (NCI). Northern Province: Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S-30°31E] (FCC, TMSA); Klaserie (Werner 2000a); Shilouvane nr Leydsdorp (DEI, FCC, MHNG, MRAC, TMSA); Zoutpansberg: Thabina (TMSA); Leydsdorp (TMSA); Ofcolaco: Makhutswe River (Werner 2000a; FCC, JPC, JWC); 63 km S Tzaneen (TMSA); Hans Merensky NR [23°40S-30°39E] (Werner 2000a; FCC, NCI); Gravelotte (FCC, TMSA); 7.5 km E Gravelotte [23°55S-30°40E] (DWBC); Pietersburg: Malta (FCC); Luis Trichardt: Ben Lavin NR (PSC); Duiwelskloof (VAC); Phalaborwa (TMSA). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (Péringuey 1898); Letsitele [23°53S-30°24E] (FCC, NCI); Kruger NP: Punda Maria (NCI). KwaZulu/Natal: Elandskraal Kloof (TMSA).

REMARKS. The record from Angola is surprising and it should be confirmed.

LABIOSEMIFLAVA Cassola, 1986

Dromica kanzenzensis labiosemiflava Cassola, 1986: 346.

Dromica kanzenzensis labiosemiflava; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 148.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Shaba: Dilolo”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (MRAC!); allotype 2 (MRAC!); 1 6, 1 2 (ABC!); 3 4,299

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica Dali

(FCC!); 1 2 (JWC!); 5 paratypes (MRAC!). ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 124a, 124a.1).

LAETA Tatum, 1851 Myrmecoptera laeta Tatum, 1851: 51.

Myrmecoptera Revoili; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Junior synonym of Cicindela Revoili; Horn 1896b: 353, Horn 1926a: 155. Junior synonym of Euryarthron revoili, Wiesner 1992: 60, Werner 2000a: 94. TYPE LOCALITY, ‘Abyssinia’.

TYPE SPECIMENS. 1 syntype (DEI!; Dobler 1973).

LATERALIS Boheman, 1860 Cosmema lateralis Boheman, 1860: 6.

Cosmema lateralis; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Dromica lateralis, XI. Gruppe “lateralis”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica lateralis; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 152.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Hab. prope lacum N’Gami mense Marti’.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number and sex not given (NHRS?). | ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner & Wiesner 1994, fig. 24; Werner 2000a, colour fig. 131); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 65); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 131.1).

DISTRIBUTION. Namibia. Khomas: Windhoek (Werner & Wiesner 1994; Werner 2000a; JPC, KWC); Richthofen [22°34S-17°45E] (Werner & Wiesner 1994; FCC, SMWN); Excelsior [22°27S-17°38E] (Werner & Wiesner 1994; FCC, SMWN). Botswana. Ngami: Ngami Lake (Boheman 1860, Werner 2000a). South Africa. Northern Cape: Kimberley (NCI); Hartswater (NCI).

REMARKS. The record by Péringuey (1893) from Kimberley, Northern Cape Province, should be referred to aspera (see Horn 1897d). However, /ateralis, too, is apparently known from this same locality.

LATERALIS Péringuey, 1893

Cosmema lateralis Péringuey, 1893: 90.

Junior synonym of Cosmema aspera; Horn 1897d: 62.

Junior synonym of Dromica aspera; Horn 1926a: 91, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 151. REMARKS, Synonymy with aspera was established by Horn (1897d): “Cosm. lateralis 2 Pér. (aspera Chd. i.l., Per.) ist = C. aspera $ D.”. Péringuey (1898) consequently but incorrectly stated that the latter species should be named aspera Pér..

LATERODECLIVIS W. Horn, 1929

Dromica gracilis latero-declivis Horn, 1929a: 315.

Dromica laterodeclivis; Cassola 1986: 350.

Dromica laterodeclivis; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 173.

Foveodromica laterodeclivis (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Upangwa, Deutsch-Ostafrika”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 2 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 160); aedeagus (Cassola 1986b, p. 351, fig. 4D).

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DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. Ruvuma: Upangwa [35°E-10°S] (Horn 1929a; DEI). Malawi. Mughese FR (Werner & Dudley 1998). North: Jembya NR [10°08S-33°27E] (CMNH, FCC); Jembya NR: 18 km SSE Chisenga (Werner 2000); Chisanga Falls, Chelinda (Cassola 1986b; MRAC); Chelinda-Rumphi (Cassola 1986b; FCC, MRAC). Central: Viphya Plateau (Werner & Dudley 1998). Zambia. Northern: Abercorn [=Mbala] (MRAC).

LATICOLLIS W. Horn, 1903

Dromica (forma intermedia inter Myrmecopteras et Cosmemas) laticollis Horn, 1903a: 318. Dromica laticollis, X. Gruppe “laticollis-ramigera”; Horn 1926a: 91.

Dromica laticollis; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 164.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal (Pietersburg: Donckier)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “® 2” (number not given): 2 £ £ (DEI!), 1 ? “cotype” (NCI). | ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 147, 147.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 18, fig. 4); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 92); live specimens (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 147.2; Cassola, this paper, colour fig.137); habitat (Werner 2000a, figs 147.3, 186.3; Cassola, this paper, fig. 136). DISTRIBUTION. Zambia (new country record). Northern: Musombwe: Mweru-Wantipa NR (TMSA). Zimbabwe. Manicaland: Mt. Chirinda (TMSA). Masvingo: 4 km E Lundi-R. bridge [20°50S- 31°05E] (FCC). Botswana. NW Botswana (Wiesner 1992). South Africa. Sikororo (TMSA); Koedoes River (TMSA). Northern Province: Pietersburg (Horn 1903a); Kruger NP: 20 km NE Shingwedzi (FCC); Ofcolaco: Makhutswe River (Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC); Leydsdorp (K WC, MRAC); Shilouvane nr Leydsdorp (FCC); Chilovane (FCC, TMSA); 22 km W Louis Trichardt (PSC); 7.5 km E Gravelotte [23°55S-30°40E] (DWBC); Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S- 30°31E] (TMSA). KwaZulu/Natal: Ndumu (TMSA). Mozambique. “Mozambique” (MRAC). Maputo: Lourenço Marques [=Maputo] (FCC). Sofala: Beira (TMSA).

REMARKS. Relationship with D. gloriosa, described from Bulawayo (Zimbabwe) should be investigated. If a synonymy has to be established, Péringuey‘s name would have priority.

LEPIDA Boheman, 1848 Cosmema lepida Boheman, 1848: 23.

Cosmema lepida; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Dromica lepida, XIV. Gruppe “lepida”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Dromica lepida; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 159.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat in Caffraria interiore”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included (NHRS?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 140, 140.1, 140a); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 19, fig. 7); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 42).

DISTRIBUTION. Botswana (Wiesner 1992). South Africa. Transvaal (NCI). Rooipl. (TMSA). Free State: Demetsdorp (Werner 2000a; FCC, HFHC, MRAC, TMSA); Bothaville (FCC, TMSA). North- West: Lichtenburg (TMSA); Swartruggens: Marico (FCC, TMSA); De la Rey (TMSA); Potchefstroom (Péringuey 1893; MRAC, TMSA). Gauteng: Johannesburg (FCC); Pretoria (TMSA); Rosslyn [=suburb of Pretoria] (TMSA); Krugersdorp (CMNH, FCC). Northern Province: Warmbath (Werner 2000a; KWC); Waterberg (TMSA); Molopa: Zebediela (TMSA); Pietersburg (MRAC, TMSA); Moorddrift [24°17S-28°58E] (FCC, TMSA); Nylsvley GR [24°39S-28°42E] (DWBC).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica fis.

Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (TMSA). KwaZulu/Natal: “du pays des Zoulous” (Chaudoir 1864); Durban (CMNH, FCC); Loskop (FCC, TMSA); Hluhluwe NR (DLPC).

REMARKS. Horn (1909a) described a D. incrassata, based on a single female specimen just labelled “Südafrika”, which he later considered to be a subspecies of /epida (Horn 1926), then a junior synonym of it (Horn 1935a). Until better information is reached, I follow here his later statement.

LEPIDULA W. Horn, 1903

Dromica (Cosmema) lepidula Horn, 1903a: 318.

| Dromica lepidula, XIV. Gruppe “lepida”, Untergruppe “tenella”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Dromica lepidula; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000: 161.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Transvaal (Pietersburg: Donckier)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 2 4 4,3 2 £ (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 142, 142.1, 142.2); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 20, fig. 1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 45); live specimens (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 142.3; Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 138); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 147.3; Cassola, this paper, fig. 136) DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Midlands: Sebakwe (NCI). South Africa. Transvaal (MRAC, NCI); Koedoes River (TMSA). Northern Province: Pietersburg (Horn 1903a; DEI); Shilouvane (DEI, FCC, MRAC, NCI, TMSA); Hans Merensky NR [23°42S-30°44E] (Werner 2000; CIC, FCC, NCI); Ellisras: D’Nyala NR [23°45S-27°49E] (NCD); Letsitele [23°53S-30°24E] (NCI); 7.5 km E Gravelotte [23°55S-30°40E] (DWBC); Leydsdorp (FCC, TMSA); Kruger NP: 20 km NE Shingwedzi (FCC); Kruger NP: Punda Maria at Mahonie Loop [22°40S-30°59.8E] (DWBC); Ofcolaco: Makhutswe River (Werner 2000a; KWC); Zoutpansberg (TMSA); Griffin Mine [nr Leydsdorp, 23°59S-30°31E] (TMSA). Mozambique. Maputo: Delagoa Bay [=Maputo] (MRAC).

LEROUXAE Cassola, this paper

Pseudodromica lerouxae Cassola, this paper

TYPE LOCALITY. “South Africa (Northern Province): Luipershoek Farm, near Roossenekal”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype 4 (NCI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, figs 25-27).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Mpumalanga: Luipershoek Farm, near Roossenekal [25°07S-29°50E] (NCI).

REMARKS. The single holotype male specimen is known so far.

LEYDENBURGIANA Peringuey, 1898 Cosmema leydenburgiana Péringuey, 1898: 309.

Dromica leydenburgiana, XIV. Gruppe “lepida”; Horn 1926a: 93.

Dromica leydenburgiana; Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 159.

TYPE LOCALITY. Not indicated.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “Female unknown”: 1 3, labeled “Leydenburg” (TMSA!; Werner 2000a); 1 à, labeled “District Leydenburg, 1896; Type” (SAM!; not listed by Cochrane 1995).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, figs, 139, 139.1, colour pictures); labrum, elytra, aedeagus (Cassola 1975, p. 199, fig. 8, sub Dromica sp.); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 47). DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Northern Province: Mica-Hoedspruit rd at 4 km S Mica (Cassola 1975,

74 CASSOLA

sub Dromica sp.; Werner 2000a; FCC, KWC, MRAC). Mpumalanga: Lydenburg (Péringuey 1898; Werner 2000a; SAM, TMSA).

LIMBATA Bertoloni, 1858 Dromica limbata Bertoloni, 1858: 308, t. 23, figs 3, 4. Myrmecoptera limbata; Fleutiaux 1892: 35.

Dromica limbata, IX. Gruppe “specialis-limbata”; Horn 1926a: 91.

Dromica limbata; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 149.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Legit Eq. Karolus Fornasinius in ripis fluminis Magnarra provinciae Inhambanensis Mozambıcı”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 4 (MZUB; Tommasini & Marini 1988); 1 2 (DEI!; Döbler 1973).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Bertoloni 1857, pl. 23, figs 3, 4; Tommasini & Marini 1988, tav. I, fig Dr Werner 2000a, colour fig. 125); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 95).

DISTRIBUTION. Mozambique. Magnarra River (Bertoloni 1858; Werner 2000a; DEI). Maputo: Tembé (Péringuey 1896). Inhambane: Nhambuica (DEI, FCC).

REMARKS. Chaudoir (1860), Péringuey (1896) and Junod (1899, pl. V, fig. 1) misidentified this species and referred to it specimens of consimilis (Horn 1926a). Apparently limbata is a Mozambique endemic.

LIMBATA Chaudoir, 1860

Myrmecoptera limbata Chaudoir, 1860: 304.

Junior synonym of Dromica Saundersi; Horn 1926a: 90.

Junior synonym of Dromica consimilis; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 149.

LIMBATA Péringuey, 1893 Myrmecoptera limbata Péringuey, 1893: 65.

Junior synonym of Myrmecoptera Saundersi, Péringuey 1896: 100, 116. Junior synonym of Dromica Saundersi; Horn 1926a: 90.

LIMBATA Junod, 1899 Myrmecoptera limbata Junod, 1899: 167, t. 5, fig. 1. Junior synonym of Dromica Saundersi; Horn 1926a: 90.

LIMPOPOIANA Peringuey, 1892 Myrmecoptera limpopoiana Péringuey, 1892b: 95.

Dromica limpopoiana, VI. Gruppe “bilunata”; Horn 1926a: 90.

Dromica limpopoiana; Wiesner 1992: 64, Werner 2000a: 139.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Middle Limpopo (Neighbourhood of Fort Tuli)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Female (“I have not seen the male of this species”): 1 ©, “syntypus” (DEI!; Döbler 1973).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 109, 109.1, 109.2, 109a, 109a.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 17, figs 17, 18; pl. 19, fig. 1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 100).

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica F5

DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Plumlico (Werner 2000a); Sohusi (CROC, FCC, JPC). Midlands: Lower Gwelo [=Gweru] (CROC, FCC). Matabeleland North: Bulawayo (Péringuey 1896, sub M. speciosa; Werner 2000a; ABC, TMSA); 60 km N Bulawayo: Maram Posa rd (Werner 2000a). Matabeleland South: Bulawayo-Ravenswood (KWC); SE Bulawayo [20°30S-29°02E] (DWBC); E Bulawayo: Enthokozweni Camp [19°47S-28°33E] (DWBC); S of Marula nr Nkukhu (FCC); Plumtree (DEL, FCC, KWC, MRAC, NCI); Empandeni nr Plumtree (FCC, MRAC); Sawmills [19°35S-28°02E] (FCC); Matopos NP (FCC, TMSA); Fort Tuli (Péringuey 1892b, 1893); Middle Limpopo (DEI). Masvingo: Lake Mutirikwi (FCC). Botswana (Wiesner 1992, Werner 2000a). South Africa. Eastern Cape: Willowmore (TMSA). Northern Province: 20 km E Waterpoort (K WC, PSC); Zoutpansberg (Werner 2000a). KwaZulu/Natal: Shongweni Dam (CROC, FCC).

REMARKS. Elytral markings of most specimens usually show, in addition to the sub-apical lunule, a conspicuous roundish discal patch after the middle and an ill-defined short longitudinal stripe between the juxta-sutural costa and the lateral margin (m. speciosa Pér.). Overlapping of ranges would exclude subspecific status.

LIZLERI Werner, 1996

Dromica lizleri Werrner, 1996: 57.

Dromica lizleri, Werner 2000a: 129.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Ethiopia, 50 km Northeast Mega, Sidamo Province”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (KWC); 1 4 (KWC).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, aedeagus (Werner 1996, fig. 1); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 97), DISTRIBUTION. Ethiopia. Sidamo: 50 km NE Mega (Werner 1996, 2000a; KWC).

REMARKS. This recently described species, apparently belonging to the schaumi complex, is known so far by two male specimens only.

LULUANA Basilewsky, 1948 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Stutzeri subsp. luluana Basilewsky, 1948: 151.

Dromica stutzeri luluana; Schüle & Werner 2001: 27.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Congo belge, Lulua: Kafakumba”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “2 d et 2 2”: lectotype, 2 (Schüle & Werner 2001; IRSNB); 1 4,2 ?9, paralectotypes (Schüle & Werner 2001; IRSNB, MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Schüle & Werner 2001, figs 5, 28); labrum, aedeagus; metepisternum, lateral view of pronotum (Schüle & Werner 2001, figs 6, 7, 8, 19, 23).

LUNAI Basılewsky, 1965 Dromica lunai Basilewsky, 1965: 138.

Dromica lunai; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 175.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Angola: Caluango”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (MRAC!); allotype 2 (MRAC!); 1 9 Ce), I 2 (MBA) TE (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Basilewsky 1965, fig. 1; Werner 2000a, colour figs 165, 165.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fıg. 74).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: 17 mi W Tshikapa (Cassola 1980a). Angola. Lunda Norte:

76 | CASSOLA

Caluango: Sanvuri village (Basilewsky 1965; MRAC); Caluango: Camaloa River [08°20S-19°30E] (Basilewsky 1965; MRAC); Caluango: Caquele River (Basilewsky 1965; FCC, MRAC). REMARKS. Five specimens only are apparently known in all so far.

LUNDANA Basilewsky, 1965

Dromica serietuberculata subsp. lundana Basilewsky, 1965: 142.

Dromica serietuberculata lundana; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000a: 168.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Angola: Cacanda, environs de Dundo”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “10 exemplaires”: holotype d (MRAC!); 1 2 (FCC!), 1 2 (KWC); 2 paratypes (MDA); 5 paratypes (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, figs 152a, 152a.1, colour pictures).

MARGINELLA Boheman, 1848 Cosmema marginella Boheman, 1848: 22.

Cosmema marginella; Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Dromica marginella, XII. Gruppe “furcata-alboclavata”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica marginella, Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 154.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Habitat in Caffraria interiore in montibus Makkalisensibus”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 1 4, 1 2 (NHRS: Basilewsky, pers. comm.).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 134, 134.1, 134.2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 70); habitat (Werner 2000a, fig. 134.3).

DISTRIBUTION. Botswana: Tiokweng (CMNH, FCC); Ramoutsa (NCI). South Africa. Horizon (MRAC). Free State: Rhenosterpoort [25°43S-28°56E | (MRAC). North-West: Pilanesberg [25°15S- 27°13E] (EAC); Rustenburg (MRAC); Potchefstroom (Péringuey 1893; MRAC); Magaliesberg (Boheman 1848). Gauteng: Johannesburg (MRAC); Krugersdorp (MRAC); Benoni (MRAC); Pretoria (FCC); Pretoria: Farie Glen (DLPC); Walhalla [=Valhalla, suburb of Pretoria?] (TMSA); Boksburg (Péringuey 1893). Northern Province: Thabazimbi (Werner 2000a; KWC, FCC, JPC, VTC); Warmbaths (TMSA, FCC); W of Warmbaths [24°55S-28°22E] (DWBC); Warmbaths- Thabazimbi, 54 km W (PSC); 10 km N Nylstroom (PSC); Wolkberg nr Haenertsburg (TMSA); Zoutspansberg (MRAC); Soutpan (FCC). Mpumalanga: Groblersdal: Kwarrielaagte (TMSA); Lydenburg (MRAC). KwaZulu-Natal: “Du pays des Zoulous” (Chaudoir 1864); Frere (TMSA); Sand River (FCC); Ladysmith (Werner 2000a; KWC).

REMARKS. The group of marginella, alboclavata and albicinctella definitely would need to be deeply reviewed, based on examination of the type specimens and of large, recent, well-labelled material from as many different localities as possible. Important differences in pronotal length (Boheman 1848: “Prothorace latitudine dimidio longior”) and in elytral sculpture (Horn 1935a) are noticeable, despite the apparent overlapping of geographical ranges. Several distinct species are likely to be confirmed or recognized, however relationships and respective distributions are far from being clear. Lack of examination of type specimens and incertainty about their origins make present identifications to be regarded as provisional only.

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica mu

MARGINELLA Chaudoir, 1864

Dromica marginella (Cosmema) Chaudoir, 1864: 73.

Junior synonym of Cosmema albicincta (sic!); Fleutiaux 1892: 37.

Junior synonym of Dromica albicinctella; Bates 1878: 334.

Junior synonym of Dromica alboclavata; Horn 1897d: 62, Horn 1926a: 92, Wiesner 1992: 66, Werner 2000a: 156.

MARGINELLA Péringuey, 1893

Cosmema marginella Péringuey, 1893: 89. Junior synonym of Cosmema albicinctella, Horn 1896b; 353, Péringuey 1898: 308. Junior synonym of Dromica albicinctella; Horn 1908c: 165.

MARGINEPUNCTATA W. Horn, 1908 Cosmema marginepunctata Horn, 1908a: 32.

Dromica marginepunctata, XV. Gruppe “transitoria-auropunctata-elegantula”; Horn 1926a: 94. Dromica marginepunctata; Wiesner 1992: 67, Werner 2000: 177.

Foveodromica marginepunctata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Angola (Chiyaka distr.)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included: 6 4 4,2 2 2 (DEIN).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 112).

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Chiyaka, Ekuiva River (Wellman & Horn 1908). Benguela: Benguela (Horn 1908a; Ferreira 1965; DEI); Ebanga (Horn 1935b; Ferreira 1965); Ganda (Horn 1935b). Cuando Cubango: Cuchi nr Menongue (Cassola 1980a; CAS).

REMARKS. The female specimen from “Calulo”, pictured by Werner (2000a, fig. 172) sub marginepunctata, should in reality be a paratype specimen of juengeri.

MARSHALLANA W. Horn, 1901

Myrmecoptera Marshallana Horn, 1901: 123.

Dromica Marshallana, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 86.

Dromica marshallana; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 109.

Pseudodromica marshallana (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Umtali (Dec.)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “1 Sd 2” (DEI!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 78.1, 78.2); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 122). DISTRIBUTION. Zimbabwe. Midlands: Chivhu: The Range (FCC). Manicaland: Umtali [=Mutare] (Horn 1901; Werner 2000a; BMNH, DEI); Umtali: Lorpadgi River (Werner 2000a); Rusape (JWC, KWC); N Rusape (FCC). Mozambique. Manica: Vila Pery [=Chimoio] (Horn 1932b: “M. Lesne a capturé son unique exemplaire sur le plateau boisé qui s’étend au nord de Vila Pery. L’insecte courait

avec la plus grande agilité sur le sol, parmi les feuilles mortes”; MRAC). REMARKS. Relationship with polyhirmoides (m. irregularis) should be better investigated.

MARSHALLI Péringuey, 1894 Myrmecoptera Marshalli Péringuey, 1894: 450.

78 Ä CASSOLA

Dromica Mauchi (compl-F) Marshalli, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica mauchii marshalli; Wiesner 1992: 63, Werner 2000a: 113.

Pseudodromica marshalli (revised status, comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashunaland (Salisbury)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “I know the male only” (ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 82a, 82a.1, 82a.2); left elytron (Horn 1906, pl. 1, fig. 32; Horn 1940, pl. 22, figs 5, 6); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 126).

DISTRIBUTION. D.R. Congo. Shaba: Katanga (Horn 1929a); “Ist Sh. Neave’s camp over Zambesi watershed” (Burgeon 1937; MRAC. Tanzania. /ringa: Ruaha National Park (KWC). Zambia. Northern: Chiengi, Lake Moero (MRAC); Abercorn (FCC, IRSNB, MRAC); Mpokoroso (IRSNB); Mweru-Wantipa (FCC). Malawi. Mughese FR (Werner & Dudley 1998). North: Jembya NR [10°08S-33°27E] (Werner & Dudley 1998; FCC, CMNH); Jembya NR: Chisenga (Werner 2000a); Nyika NP (Werner & Dudley 1998); Uzumara FR [10°53S-34°08E] (Werner & Dudley 1998). Central: Ntchisi FR (Werner & Dudley 1998); Dzalanyama FR [SW of Lilongwe] (Werner & Dudley 1998). South: Mulanje FR (Werner & Dudley 1998); Limbe: Bangwe Forest (VAC). Zimbabwe. Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (Péringuey 1894, 1896; Werner 2000a; ABC, FCC, MRAC, NCI, TMSA). Manicaland: Rusape (JWC).

REMARKS. Major differences in elytral markings and overlapping of geographical ranges would

suggest marshalli to be a species by its own, other than mauchii.

MASHUNA Péringuey, 1894 Myrmecoptera Mashuna Péringuey, 1894: 449.

“Inorn-F” of Dromica polyhirmoides, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87. Junior synonym of Dromica polyhirmoides; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 109. Junior synonym of Pseudodromica polyhirmoides (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mashunaland (Salisbury)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included (ZMB?).

MAUCHII Bates, 1872

Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Mauchii Bates, 1872: 287.

Dromica Mauchi; Demoor 1886: 48.

Myrmecoptera Mauchi; Fleutiaux 1892: 36, Péringuey 1893: 70.

Dromica Mauchi, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica mauchii, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 113.

Pseudodromica mauchii (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Region of the Middle Limpopo”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. “2” (MNHN? BMNH?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Oates 1881, pl. G, fig. 5, D. oatesii; Werner 2000a, colour figs 82, 82.1, 82.2, 82.3, 82b, 82b.1, 82b.2, 82c, 82c.1); elytra (Horn 1927, figs 43-48); left elytron (Horn 1906, pl. 1, figs 33-35; Stegemann 1930, fig. 75; Horn 1940, pl. 22, fig. 4); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 125); live specimen (Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 159).

DISTRIBUTION. Subsp. mauchii Bates, 1872

Zambia. Central: Kafue City (FCC); Mazabuka [SW of Lusaka] (JPC, JWC); Kafue River (Werner

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica 79

2000a). Southern: Batoka (FCC); Chikuni nr Monze (Horn 1936). Malawi. Malosa Mt. (Werner & Dudley 1998); Ngapani (Werner & Dudley 1998). South: Limbe: Bangwe Forest (VAC); Mangochi (Werner & Dudley 1998); South: Zomba, upper Shire River (MRAC). Zimbabwe. Hillside TMSA). Mashonaland West: Umfuli River [=Mupfure-Sanyati River] (Péringuey 1896, sub D. umfuliana; NCI). Mashonaland East: Salisbury [=Harare] (MRAC). Matabeleland: Matabeleland (Westwood, in Oates 1881, sub D. oatesii); Lomagundi (MRAC). Matabeleland South: Middle Limpopo (Bates 1872; Péringuey 1893); Bulawayo (MRAC); Sawmills [19°35S-28°02E] (TMSA); Hope Ftn. (Werner 2000a; MRAC). Manicaland: Dorowa nr Mutare (FCC). Mozambique (Wiesner 1992, Werner 1993a, Werner 2000a).

Subsp. purpurascens Bates, 1886

Tanzania: “East Central Africa” (?): Mamboia (Bates 1886; MRAC): Zaranda (MRAC); Issansu (Horn 1910a); Mpangwe (MRAC). Singida: Msagaa [36 mi E Singida] (BMNH); Msughaa [30 mi E Singida] (BMNH); Ndala Mission [04°45S-35°15E] (BMNH). Dodoma: Dodoma (FCC, MRAC, MSNT); Babati: 30 km to Dodoma (Werner 2000a); Babati-Kondoa (Werner 2000a; FCC); Kondoa- Dodoma (Werner 2000a, sub ssp. mauchii); Ugogo [6°07S-35°30E] (Kolbe 1897; Horn 1910a); Mitundo (FCC, KWC); Mpwapwa (Kolbe 1897; BMNH, MRAC). Rukwa: Mpanda, 22 mi. S (CAS). Iringa: Uhehe (Horn 1910a); Mittel Uhehe (Horn 1921); Sadani nr Iringa (MSNC); Ruaha NP (KWC); Tossamanga nr Iringa (BMNH). Ruvuma: Kigonsera (Horn 1927; FCC, HSC, MCZR, MRAC). Lindi: Lindi (Horn 1910a). Mtwara: Lukuledi [38°30E-10°30S] (MRAC).

Subsp. albocostata W. Horn, 1939

Kenya. Eastern: Kitui (Horn 1939; Werner 2000a; DEI, NMN); Ikutha (Horn 1910a; Werner 1993a; DEI, KWC); Wa-Kamba nr Kibwezi [rd Nairobi- Mombasa] (Werner 2000a; MCZR, MRAC); Mwingi: Nguni (FCC).

REMARKS. Major differences in elytral markings and overlapping of geographical ranges would

suggest marshalli to be a species by its own, other than mauchii. On the contrary, purpurascens and albocostata appear to be valid north-eastern subspecies of mauchii.

MESOTHORACICA W. Horn, 1909 Dromica (Myrmecoptera) Erikssoni subsp. mesothoracica Horn, 1909d: 101.

Dromica Erikssoni mesothoracica, IX. Gruppe “specialis-limbata”; Horn 1926a: 91.

Dromica mesothoracica; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 146.

TYPE LOCALITY. “S.O.-Katanga..., Langenburg (Deutsch-Ostafrika)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included; 2 syntypes (DEI!; not listed by Döbler 1973).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Burgeon 1937, pl. 1, fig. 3; Werner 2000a, colour figs 121, 121.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 77).

DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. Shaba: “S.0.-Katanga” (Horn 1909d); Elisabethville [-Lubumbashi] (Burgeon 1937; ABC, CIC, FCC, JWC, MRAC); Lubumbashi (MRAC); Kapiri (Horn 1914b; MRAC); Tekanini (Horn 1929a; MRAC); Lukafu, Ngaye, Wapishamba, Mwabo (Burgeon 1937; MRAC); Kaniama (MRAC); Shiniamsu (Horn 1929a); Kasenga (Horn 1929a; Burgeon 1937); Kanona (IRSNB); Mura (Werner 2000a; MRAC). Tanzania. Rukwa: Sumbwanga (MRAC); Zimba [7°52S-31°49E] (IRSNB). Mbeya: “Langenburg (Deutsch-Ostafrika)” [=Mbeya, 33°20E-9°S] (Horn 1909d); Vwawa (Werner 2000a; KWC). Zambia. Northern: Abercorn [=Mbala] (FCC, IRSNB, MRAC, MZL); 11 mi. W Mbala (CAS); Chiengi: Lake Moero (FCC, MRAC); Mpulungu (MHC).

80 CASSOLA

Eastern: 58 mi. N Mpika (CAS); Kasanka NP: Waka Camp [12°30S-30°15E] (NCI).

REMARKS. The supposed ssp. prolongatesignata has been described from the very same region (Elisabethville, Kapiri) as mesothoracica, and consequently it could hardly be retained as a valid geographical race. Instead, smaller size, prolonged marginal band and lack of preapical discal spur would suggest prolongatesignata to deserve full specific status. Two small specimens (6 9) from Kundelungu (FCC) could also be considered to be specifically distinct, as the male aedeagus has a much different, more hooked apex. Moreover, several specimens from Zambia exhibit major differences in pronotal sculpture and are here considfered to represent a separate full species, which was described above (D. zambiensis n. sp.). Looking at my own material only, I presently think that three or even four distint species may be involved in. The group of mesothoracica definitely deserves to be deeply reviewed, based on larger material from many different localities.

MICANS W. Horn, 1900 Myrmecoptera micans Horn, 1900a: 210.

Dromica gunningi micans; Horn 1904a: 91.

Dromica gunningi micans, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 86. Dromica gunningi micans; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 108.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica gunningi (syn. n., comb. n.). -

TYPE LOCALITY. “Komatipoort (Hartmann: Transvaal)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “& 2” (not in DEI; ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 77a, 77a.1).

MIMA Péringuey, 1896 Myrmecoptera mima Péringuey, 1896: 118.

Dromica polyhirmoides mima, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica polyhirmoides mima; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 110.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica polyhirmoides (syn. n., comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “near Fort Tuli in Zambesia”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included (ZMB?).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 79a).

REMARKS. Until better information this form is herein considered to be merely a junior synonym of polyhirmoides.

MIRABILIS Cassola, Schiile & Werner, 2000

Dromica mirabilis Cassola, Schüle & Werner, 2000: 272.

TYPE LOCALITY. “36 km S of Piet Retief, Mpumalanga, South Africa”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Holotype d (TMSA!); 1 2 (DEIN); 3 4 4,2 22 (FCC!), 3 22 (KWC!); 1 6,4 C'E (PoC),

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Cassola et al. 2000, colour fig. 1); habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Cassola et al. 2000, figs 2, 3a-d); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig. 37); habitat (Cassola et al. 2000, fig. 4 a, b); live specimen (Cassola, this paper, colour fig. 140).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Mpumalanga: 36 km S Piet Retief (Cassola et al. 2000).

REMARKS. Known so far from the type locality only. |

Materials for a revision of the African genus Dromica SI

MIRANDA Péringuey, 1896

Cosmema miranda Péringuey, 1896: 111.

Dromica miranda, XII. Gruppe “furcata-alboclavata”; Horn 1926a: 92.

Dromica miranda; Wiesner 1992: 65, Werner 2000a: 154.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Orange Free State (Ventersburg)”.

TYPE SPECIMEN. Holotype 2 (SAM!; not listed in Cochrane 1995).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 133, 133.1); aedeagus (Cassola, this paper, fig..32).

DISTRIBUTION. South Africa. Free State: Ventersburg (Péringuey 1896; Werner 2000a; SAM); Odendaalsrus (BVNC); Maghaleen nr Zastron (FCC). Lesotho. Basutoland: Mamates (Werner 20002; TMSA).

REMARKS. This species is remarkable because it possesses a quite unusual puzzling structure, 1.e. a “finger-shaped spur” on the right side of the male aedeagus, first described by Schüle & Werner (1999) for D. endroedyi.

MORAVECI Werner, 1998 Dromica moraveci Werner, 1998: 168.

Dromica moraveci, Werner 2000a: 134.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Eastern Tanzania, Utete (Rufiji)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Ten specimens: holotype & (TMSA); 1 £ (FCC!); 1 3, 1 2 (KWC); paratypes (JMCB, JPC, WDSC).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus, labrum, aedeagus (Werner 1998, figs 6, 7); habitus (Werner 2000a, colour figs 101, 101.1).

DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania. Pwani (coast): Utete: Rufiji (Werner 1998, 2000a; FCC).

REMARKS. Obviously a species of the D. schaumi complex.

MURPHY! Werner & Schiile, 2001

Dromica murphyi Werner & Schiile, 2001: 263.

TYPE LOCALITY. “Malawi, Mzuzu District, Nkhorongo”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. Five specimens: holotype 4 (DEI); 1 £ (KWC); 1 2 (MIBC); 1 2 (PSC); 1 9 (TMSA).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner & Schiile 2001, figs 1, 6, 7); labrum (Werner & Schiile 2001, figs 2, 3); aedeagus (Werner & Schiile 2001, figs 4a, b); penultimate palpomere of labial palpi (Werner & Schiile 2001, fig. 5).

DISTRIBUTION. Malawi. North: Nkhorongo (Werner & Schiile 2001).

REMARKS. Reportedly a species of the D. dolosa complex.

NATALICA Péringuey, 1893 Dromica Natalica Péringuey, 1893: 77.

Junior synonym of Dromica clathrata sculpturata, Horn 1926a: 86, Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 106.

Junior synonym of Pseudodromica sculpturata (comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Natal (D’Urban)”.

82 CASSOLA

TYPE SPECIMENS. Number not given, but both sexes included (ZMB?).

NEAVEI W. Horn, 1913

Dromica (Myrmecoptera) invicta subsp. Neavei Horn 1913: 272.

Dromica invicta Neavei, IV. Gruppe “clathrata-Mauchi”; Horn 1926a: 87.

Dromica invicta var. Neavei; Horn 1940: 276.

Dromica invicta neavei; Wiesner 1992: 62, Werner 2000a: 112.

Pseudodromica neavei (b. sp., comb. n.).

TYPE LOCALITY. “Mpika (1.1908, Dr. Sheffield Neave)”.

TYPE SPECIMENS. “1 & 2”: 1 & (DEIN; 1 2 (MRAC!).

ILLUSTRATIONS. Habitus (Werner 2000a, colour fig. 81a.1); left elytron (Horn 1940, pl. 22, fig. 3). DISTRIBUTION. D. R. Congo. “Congo, Babault” (DEI). Shaba: Tumbwe, 35 km W Elisabethville [=Lubumbashi] (Horn 1929a, sub setosula; Cassola 1983a, sub pseudosetosula, MRAC);